Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clovis in context: New light on the peopling of the Americas

  • Published:
Human Evolution

Abstract

Until recently, the first Americans were thought to be fluted-point spear-hunters from the Siberian steppes. Near the end of the Ice Age, they followed big-game herds over the Bering land bridge into the open, upland habitats of the interior of North America about 12,000 years ago. Rapidly extinguishing the big game herds with their deadly hunting methods, they pressed southward in search of new herds and reached the tip of South America about a thousand years later. Today, nearly 70 years after the first excavations at Clovis, New Mexico, the type site for this culture, new sites and new dates from both North and South America are forcing a revision of the earlier picture of the migrations and adaptations of the first Americans. But despite recurring claims that human colonization of the Western Hemisphere began as early as 20,000 or more years ago with the arrival of generalized foragers lacking a projectile-point tradition, no definitive data gives empirical support for a human presence before c. 12,000 before the present (B.P.). All supposed pre-Clovis cultures except one in Alaska have failed to withstand careful scrutiny of their data. In addition, despite recent claims for cultural and biological links of the migrants to Europe or the Pacific Islands, the skeletons and cultural assemblages of Paleoindians throughout the hemisphere point consistently to a northeast Asian origin. According to new data, Paleoindian ancestors in Beringia c. 12,000 years ago were not specialized, fluted-point hunters of large game, but broad-spectrum hunter-gatherers using triangular or bipointed, lanceolates. Diverse cultures descended from these ancestors, not only the big-game hunting Clovis culture of the North American high plains. And just as Clovis did not set the cultural pattern for the hemisphere, it was not the earliest culture. Fully contemporary with the earliest possible Clovis dates of c. 11,200, in South America there already were maritime foragers on the Pacific coast, small-game hunters in the southern pampas, and tropical forest riverine foragers in the eastern tropical lowlands. The Clovis culture thus was just one of several regional cultures developed in the millennium after the initial migration. It could not have been the ancestor of the other early Paleoindian cultures.

This new picture of Paleoindian cultures changes understanding of initial human adaptive radiation in the Americas and has implications for general theories of human evolution and behavioral ecology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

ReferencesCited

  • Aikens, C. Melvin and T. Higuchi,The Prehistory of Japan. New York: Academic Press.

  • Aikens, C. Melvin and Takeru Azakawa, 1996 The Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Japan and adjacent northeast Asia: Climate and biotic change, broad-spectrum diet, pottery, and sedentism. InHumans at the end of the Ice Age: The Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition, edited by Lawrence G. Strauss, Berit Valentin Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner, New York: Plenum. Pp. 216–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardila Calderon, Gerardo I., 1991 The peopling of northern South America. InClovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by Robson Bonnichsen and Karen L Turnmire. Corvallis, Oregon: Center for the Study of the First Americans. Pp. 261–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardilla Calderon, G.I. and Gustavo Politis, 1989 Nuevos datos para un Viejo problema.Boletin Museo del Oro No. 23. Gogota: Banco de la Republica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beltrao, M.M.C., C.R. Enriquez, J. Danon, E. Zuleta, and G. Poupeau, 1986 Thermoluminescence dating of burnt cherts from the Alice Boer site, Brazil. InNew Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas, edited by A.L. DBryan, Orono, Maine: Center for the Study of Early Man: Pp. 203–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, Junius, Margaret Bird, and John Hyslop, 1988Travels and Archaeology in South Chile. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borrero, Luis A. 1996 The Pleistocene-Holocene transition in southern South America. InHumans at the End of the Ice Age, edited by Lawrence G. Straus, Berit Valentin Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner, New York: Plenum. Pp. 339–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, Alan L. 1991 The fluted-point tradition in the Americas—One of several adaptations to late Pleistocene American environments. InClovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by Robson Bonnichsen and Karen L. Turnmire. Corvallis: Oregon State University. Pp. 15–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauchat, Claude 1992Prehistoire de la Cote Nord du Perou: Le Paijanien de Cupisnique. Bordeaux: Centre National de la Rechrch Scientifique Editions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Correal, Gerardo 1981,Evidencias Culturales y Megafauna Pleistocenica en Colombia. Bogota: Fundacion de Investigaciones Arquelogicas Nacionales, Banco de la Republica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Correal, Gerardo, Thomas van der Hammen, and Wesley Hurt 1972 Preceramic sequences in the El Abra Rock Shelters, Colombia.Science 175: 1106–1108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Correal, Gerardo and Thomas van der Hammen 1997Investigaciones Arqueologicas en los Abrigos Rocosos del Tequendama. Bogota.

  • Damon, Paul E. and Austin Long 1962 Arizonarradiocarbon dates III.Radiocarbon 4: 239–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damon, Paul E., C. Vance Haynes, Jr., Austin. Long

  • Derev’anko, Anatoly P., editor 1998The Paleolithic of Siberia: New Discoveries and Interpretations. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillehay, Thomas D. 1989Monte Verde: A Late Pleistocene Settlement in Southern Chile. Vol. 1 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1997Monte Verde. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillehay, Thomas D., Gerardo Ardila Calderon, Gustavo Politis and Maria da Coutinho Beltrao 1992 Earliest hunters and gatherers of South America.Journal of World Prehistory 6: 145–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagan, M. Brian 1987The Great Journey: The Peopling of Ancient America. London: Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feidel, Stuart J. 1992Prehistory of the Americas. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1999 Older than we thought Implications of corrected dates for Paleoindians.American Antiquity 64(1): 95–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferring, C. Reid 1989 The Aubrey Clovis site: A Paleoindian locality in the upper Trinity river basin, Texas.Current Research on the Pleistocene 6: 9–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1990 The 1989 investigations at the Aubrey Clovis site, Texas.Current Research on the Pleistocene 7: 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flegenheimer, Nora 1980 Hallazgos de puntas “cola de pescado” en la Provincia de Buenos Aires.Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Anthropologia 14: 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1987 Recent research at localities Cerro la China and Cerro El Sombrero, Argentina.Current Research in the Pleistocene 4: 148–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frison, George 1991Prehistoric hunters of the high plains. San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frison, George, editor 1996The Mill Iron Site. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frison, George and Dennis J. Stanford 1982The Agate Basin Site: A Record of the Paleoindian Occupation on the Northwestern High Plains. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnecco, Cristobal and Santiago Mora 1997 Late Pleistocene/early Holocene tropical forest occupations at San Isidro and Pena Rojo, Colombia.Antiquity 71(273):683–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruhn, Ruth 1991 Stratified radiocarbon-dated sites od Clovis age and older in Brazil. InClovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by Robson Bonnichsen and Karen L. Turnmire. Corvallis, University of Oregon. Pp. 283–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannus, L.A. 1990 The Lange-Ferguson site: A case for mammoth-bone butchering tools. InMegafauna and Man: Discovery of America’s Hearthland, edited by L.D. Agenbroad, J.L. Mead, and L. Nelson. The Mammoth Sites of Hot Springs, South Dakota, Inc. Scientific Papers, Vol. 1, Pp. 86–99.

  • Haynes, C. Vance, Jr. 1964 Fluted projectile points: Their age and dispersion.Science 145: 1408–1413.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1987 Clovis origin update.The Kiva 52(2): 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1992 Contributions of Radiocarbon Dating to the Geochronology of the Peopling of the New World. In14C Dating and the Peopling of the New World, edited by R.E. Taylor, A. Long, and R.S. Kra. Pp. 355–374. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, C. Vance, Jr. 1998 Personal communication. Letter to A.C. Roosevelt, September 28, 1998.

  • Haynes, C. Vance, Jr., and George A. Agogino 1966 Prehistoric springs and geochronology of the Clovis site.American Antiquity 31(6): 812–821.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, C. Vance, Jr., Paul E. Damon, and D.C. Grey 1966 Arizona radiocarbon dates VI.Radiocarbon 8: 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, C. Vance, Jr., D.C. Grey, Paul E. Damon, and R. Bennett 1967 Arizona radiocarbon dates VII.Radiocarbon 9: 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, R.E.M., R.A. Housley, C.R. Bronk, and G.J. van Klinken 1992 Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system:Archaeometry datelist 15.Archaeometry 43(2): 337–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester, James J., Ernest Lundelius, Jr., and Roald Fryxell 1972Blackwater Locality No. 1: A Stratified Early Man Site in Eastern New Mexico. Ranchos de Taos: Fort Burgwin Research Center, Southern Methodist University. Publication No. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffecker, J.F., W. Roger Powers, T. Goebel 1993 The colonization of Beringia and the peopling of the New World.Science 259: 46–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, John D. and C. Reid Ferring 1994 Stable isotope evidence for latest Pleistocene and Holocene climatic change in north central Texas.Quaternary Research 41: 200–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keefer, D., Susan deFrance, Michael E. Moseley, James B. Richardson III, Dennis R. Satterlee, and Amy Day-Lewis 1998 Early maritime economy and El Nino events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru.Science 281: 1833–1835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lahr, M.M. 1995 Patterns of modern human variation: Implications for Amerindian origins.Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 38: 163–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonhardy, Frank C., editor 1966Domebo: A Paleo-Indian Mammoth Kill in the Prairie-Plains., Contributions of the Museum of the Great Plains, No. 1. Lawton, OK.

  • Lopes de Castano, Carlos 1995 Dispersion de puntas de proyectil bifaciales en la cuenca media del rio Magdalena. InAmbito y Ocupaciones Tempranas de America Tropical. Bogota: Fundacion ERIGAIE, Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia. Pp. 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopes de Castano, Carlos and Channah Niewenhuis n.d. Clovis from the perspective of northern South America. InClovis in Context: New Light on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by A.C. Roosevelt and J. Morrow. In preparation for submission to University of Arizona Press.

  • Lynch, Thomas F. 1980Guitarrero Cave: Early Man in the Andes. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1990 Glacial-age man in South America? A critical review.American Antiquity 55: 199–228. 1999 The Paleoindian and Archaic stages in South America: Zones of continuity and segregation. In:Explorations in American Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Wesley R. Hurt, edited by Mark G. Plew. Lanham: University Press of America. Pp. 89–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, Thomas F., R. Gillespie, and J. Gowlett 1985 Chronology of Guitarrero Cave, Peru.Science 229: 864–867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Oakes, William J. 1982 InPeopling of the New World, edited by Jonathan Ericson, R.E. Taylor, and Rainier Berger. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 23. Pp. 269–283.

  • Mayer-Oakes, William J. 1986El Inga: A Paleoindian Site in the Sierra of Northern Ecuador. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 76. Philadelphia.

  • MacNeish, Richard S., R. Berger, and R. Protsch 1970 Megafauna and man from Ayacucho, highland Peru.Science 168: 975–977.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacNeish, Richard S., Robert K. Vierra, Antoinette Nelken-Turner, and Carl J. Phagan 1980Prehistory of the Ayacucho Basin. Volume III. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacNeish, Richard S., Angel Garcia Cook, Luis G. Lumbreras, Robert K. Vierra, and Antoinette Nelken-Turner, editors 1981aPrehistory of the Ayacucho Basin, Peru. Vol. I, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1981bPrehistory of the Ayacucho Basin, Peru. Volume II. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeish, Richard S., Robert K. Vierra, Antoinette, Nelken-Turner, Rochelle Lurie, and Angel Garcia Cook 1983Prehistory of the Ayacucho Basin, Peru. Volume IV, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrew, Paul O. 1961 The Rawlins mammoth,Wyoming Geological Association, Sixteenth Annual Field Conference Guidebook: 317–317.

  • Meltzer, David J. 1993Search for the First Americans, Montreal: St. Remy Press and Washington. D.C.: Smithsonian Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meltzer D.J. and J. I. Mead 1985. Dating late Pleistocene extinctions: Theoretical issues, analytical bias, and substantive results. InEnvironments and Extinctions: Man in Late Glacial North America edited by J.I. Mead and D.J. Meltzer. Orono, Maine: Center for the Study of Early Man, University of Maine. Pp. 145–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neves, W.A., Danusa Munford, and Maria do Carmo Zanini 1996 Crainal and morphological variation and the colonization of the New World: Towards a four-migration model. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical anthropology, Durham, April 9–11.

  • Michab, M., J.K. Feathers, J.-L. Joren, N. Mercier, M. Selos, H. Valladas, J.-L. Reyss, and A.C. Roosvelt. 1998 Luminescence dates for Paleoindian Site of Pedra Pintado, Brazil. Quaternary Science Reviews 17.

  • Neves, W.A., and H.M. Puciarelli 1991 Morphological affinities of the first Americans: An exploratory analysis based on early South American remains.Journal of Human Evolution 21: 261–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwenhuis, Channah Jose 1998 Unattractive but effective: Unretouched pointed flakes as projectile points? A closer look at the Abriense and Tequendamiense artifiacts. InExplorations in American Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Wesley R. Hurt, edited by Mark G. Plew, Lanham: University Press of America. Pp. 163–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochsenius, Claudio and Ruth Gruhn 1979Taima-Taima: A Late Pleistocene Paleo-Indian Kill Site in Northernmost South America. Coro, Venezuela: CIPICS/South American Quanternary Documentation Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, Jose R. and Charles S. Alexander 1990. The Pleistocene peoples of western Venezuela: The terrace sequence of Rio Pedredal and new discoveries in Paraguana. Proceedings of the First World Summit Conference on the Peopling of the Americas. Orono, Maine: Center for the Study of the First Americans. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pessis, Anne-Marie 1999 The chronology and evolution of the prehistoric rock paintings in the Serra da Capivara National Park, Plaui, Brazil. InDating and the Earliest Known Rock Art, edited by Matthias Strecker and Paul Bahn. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Pp. 41–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Politis, Gustavo 1991 Fishtail projectile points in the Southern Cone of South America: An overview. InClovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by Robson Bonnichsen and Karen L. Turnmire. Corvallis: Oregon State University. Pp. 287–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J.F. and W.A. Neves 1998 Dental diversity of early New World populations: Taking a bite out of the tripartite model. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropology.American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 26.

  • Powers, William R. 1996 Siberia in the late glacial and early postglacial. InHumans at the end of the Ice Age: The Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition, edited by Lawrence Guy Strauss, Berit Valentin Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner. New York: Plenum. Pp. 229–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prous, Andre 1980–1981 Fouilles du Grand Abri de Santana de Riacho (Minas Gerais), Bresil.Journal de la Societe des Americanistes 67: 163–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1986 L’Archeologie au Bresil, 300 Siecles d’occupation humain.L’Anthropologie 90(2)257–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1991 Fouilles de l’Abris du Boquete, Minas Gerais, Bresil.Journal da la Societe des Americanistes 77: 77–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1995 Archaeological analysis of the oldest settlements in the Americas.Revista Brasileira de Genetica 18(4):689–699.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1999 Dating rock art in Brazil. InDating and the Earliest Rock Art, edited by M. Strecker and P. Bahn. Oxford, Oxbow Books. Pp. 29–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranere A., and R. Cooke 1991 Paleoindian occupation in the Central American tropics.Clovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by R. Bonnichsen and K. Turnmire. Corvallist, Oregon: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University. Pp. 237–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reanier, R. and M. Kunz 1995 The Mesa site: A Paleoindian hunting lookout in Arctic Alaska.Arctic Anthropology 32(1): 5–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rick, John W. 1980Prehistoric Hunters of the High Andes. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roosevelt, A.C. 1996 Paleoindians in the Brazilian Amazon: Letters.Science 274: 1823–1825, 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1998a Clovis clarification: A follow-up.Mammoth Trumpet 13(1): 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1998b Paleoindian and Archaic occupations in the Lower Amazon: A summary and comparison. InExplorations in American Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Wesley R. Hurt, edited by Mark G. Plew. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Pp. 165–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roosevelt, A.C. n.d.a.Clovis in Context: New Light on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by A.C. Roosevelt and Juliet Morrow. In preparation for submission to University of Arizona Press. n.d.b Clovis dating, stratigraphy, and subsistence revisited from a hemispheric perspective. InClovis in Context: New Light on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by A.C. Roosevelt and Juliet Morrow. In preparation for submission to University of Arizona Press.

  • Roosevelt, A.C., M. Lima da Costa, C. Lopes Machado, M. Michab, N. Mercier, H. Valladas, J. Feathers, W. Barnett, M. Imazio da Silveira, A. Henderson, J. Sliva, B. Chernoff, D.S. Reese, J.A. Holman, N. Toth, and K. Schick 1996 Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Americas: The peopling of the Americas.Science 272: 373–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roosevelt, A.C., Linda Brown, John Douglas, Matthew O’Connell, Ellen Quinn, and Judy Kemp 1997 Dating a Paleoindian site in the Amazon in comparison with Clovis culture: Technical comments.Science 275: 1950–1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandweiss, D.H., H. McInnis, R.L. Burger, A. Cano, B. Ojeda, R. Paredes, M.C. Sandweiss, and M.D. Glasscock 1998 Quebrada Jaguay: Early South American maritime adaptations.Science 281: 1830–1832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, P. 1987 Prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Brazil.Journal of World Prehistory 1(1): 53–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, G. Richard and Christy G. Turner, III 1887The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, Olga and N. D. Praslov, editors 1993From Kostenki to Clovis. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, Thomas W., Jr., J.T. Jull, Klaus Brendel, Raymond C. Duhamel, and Douglas Donahue 1987 Study of bone radiocarbon dating accuracy at the University of Arizona NSF Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis.Radiocarbon 29(1): 24–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, T. et al. 1990 Late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions and the Clovis culture: Absolute ages based on accelerator 14C dating of skeletal remains. InMegafauna and Man: Discovery of America’s Heartland, edited by Larry D. Agengroad, Jim I. Mead, and Lisa W. Nelson, Hot Springs, South Dakota: The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakata, Inc and Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. Pp. 118–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. Gentry and Joseph H. Powell 1993 Paleobiology of the first Americans.Evolutionary Anthropology 2(4): 138–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R.E. 1987Radiocarbon Dating: An Archaeological Perspective. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R.E., C. Vance Haynes, Jr., and Minze Stuiver 1996 Clovis and Folsom age estimates: Stratigraphic context and radiocarbon calibrationAntiquity 70: 515–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tieszen, L. 1991 Natural variations in the carbon isotope values of plants: Implications for archaeology, ecology, and paleoecology.Journal of Archaeological Science 18: 227–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, Christy G., III and Junius B. Bird 1981 Dentition of Chilean Paleo-Indians and peopling of the Americas.Science 212: 1053–1055.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vialou, Agueda Vilhena and Denis Vialou 1994 Les premiers peuplements prehistoriques du Mato Grosso.Bulletin de la Societe Prehistorique Francais 19(4–5):257–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnica, James M. 1966 New discoveries at the Clovis site.American Antiquity 31(3): 345–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, Frederick H., editor 1996American Beginnings: The Prehistory and Paleoecology of Beringia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wormington, H. Marie 1957Ancient Man in North America. Denver, CO: Denver Museum of Natural History Popular Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Rukang and John Olsen, editors 1985Paleanthropology and Paleolithic Archaeology in the People’s Republic of China. Orlando: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yesner, David R. 1996 Human adaptation at the Pleistocene-Holocene border. InHumans at the End of the Ice Age, edited by Lawrence Guy Straus, Berit V. Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner. New York: Plenum. Pp. 255–276. n.d. Technological, chronological, and economic variability in Paleoindian occupations from eastern Beringa. InClovis in Context: New Light on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by A.C. Roosevelt and Julie Morrow. In preparation for submission to University of Arizona Press. 2000 Who’s on first? There’s still end to the controversy over when and how humans populated the new world. Natural History 7: 76–79

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Field Museum of Natural History Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1400 South Lake Shere Drive, 60605, Chicago, IL

    Roosevelt A. C.

Authors
  1. Roosevelt A. C.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Roosevelt, A.C. Clovis in context: New light on the peopling of the Americas. Hum. Evol. 17, 95–112 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02436431

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02436431

Keywords

Search

Navigation