References
Holmberg SD. The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 larger US metropolitan areas.Am J Public Health. 1996;86:642–654.
Des Jarlais DC, Perlis T, Friedman SR, et al. Declining seroprevalence in a very large HIV epidemic: injecting drug users in New York City, 1991 to 1996.Am J Public Health. 1998;12:1801–1806.
New York State Department of Health, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology.AIDS Cases by Year of Diagnosis, Includes Inmates, Data as of December 31, 1999. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Health, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology; 1999.
Smith PF, Mikl J, Hyde S, Morse DL. The AIDS epidemic in New York State.Am J Public Health. 1991;81(suppl):54–60.
New York State Department of Health, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology.AIDS Surveillance Quarterly Update for Cases Reported Through March 2000. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Health, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology; 2000.
The New York State AIDS Advisory Council.Report on Needle Exchange Programs and Deregulation of Needles and Syringes. Albany, NY: The New York State AIDS Advisory Council; 1996.
State of New York Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations. 10 NYCRR, Section 80.135. Albany, NY: Lenz and Riecker.
State of New York.Public Health Law. Book 44, Article 13, Title 13, Section 1389-dd(4). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
Wasserman, S.HIV/AIDS Facts to Consider: 1999. Denver, CO: National Conference of State Legislatures; 1999:65.
State of New York.Public Health Law. Book44, Article 33, Title 7, Section 3381. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
English T. New York is the latest state to permit over-the-counter sales of syringes and needles in pharmacies.Pharm Today. 2000;6:20.
Groseclose SL, Weinstein B, Jones TS, Valleroy LA, Fehrs LJ, Kassler WJ. Impact of increased legal access to needles and syringes on the practices of injecting drug users and police officers—Connecticut, 1992–1993.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;10:82–89.
Valleroy LA, Weinstein B, Jones TS, Groseclose SL, Rolfs RT, Kassler WJ. Impact of increased legal access to needles and syringes on community pharmacies needle and syringe sales—Connecticut, 1992–1993.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;10(1):73–81.
Beckett GA, Galena R, Shields D, Mills DA. Maine removed criminal penalties for syringe possession in 1997 after allowing sale of syringes without a prescription in 1993.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18(suppl 1):S145-S146.
Minnesota Department of Health.Minnesota Pharmacy Syringe/Needle Access Initiative. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Department of Health; 1998.
Linas BP, Coffin PO, Backes G, Vlahov D. New York State pharmacists' attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation.J Urban Health. 2000;77(4):768–780.
Coffin PO, Linas BP, Factor SH, Vlahov D. New York City pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access.J Urban Health. 2000;77(4):781–793.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klein, S.J., Birkhead, G.S. & Candelas, A.R. Expanded syringe access demonstration program in New York State: An intervention to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission. J Urban Health 77, 762–767 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344036
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344036