Skip to main content
Log in

Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: Receptors for opioid peptides

  • Published:
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

1. Opioid peptides are a family of structurally related neuromodulators which play a major role in the control of nociceptive pathways. These peptides act through membrane receptors of the nervous system, defined asμ, δ andκ and endowed with overlaping but distinct pharmacological, anatomical and functional properties.

2. Recent cloning of an opioid receptor gene family has opened the way to the use of recombinant DNA technology at the receptor level.

3. This review focuses on the molecular cloning and functional characterization of opioid receptors and provides first insights into molecular aspects of opioid peptide recognition and signal transduction mechanisms, using the cloned receptors as investigation tools.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, M. W., and Geller, E. B. (1993). Physiological functions of opioids: Temperature regulation. In Herz, A. (ed.)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids II, (Vol. 104/II). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 205–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Young, E., Lewis, M. E., Khachaturian, H., and Walker, J. J. (1984). Endogenous opioids: Biology and function.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 7223–255.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Archer, S. (1993). Chemistry of non-peptide opioids. In Herz, A. (ed.)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids I, (Vol. 104/I). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 241–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aruffo, A., and Seed, B. (1987). Molecular cloning of a CD28 cDNA by a high-efficiency COS cells expression system.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 848573–8577.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Augustin, L. B., Flesheim, R. F., Min, B. H., Fuchs, S. M., Fuchs, J. A., and Loh, H. H. (1995). Genomic structure of the mouse delta opioid receptor gene.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 207111–119.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bare, L. A., Mansson, E., and Yang, D. M. (1994). Expression of two variants of the human mu opioid receptor mRNA in SK-N-SH cells and human brain.FEBS 354213–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Befort, K., Mattei, M. G., Roeckel, N., and Kieffer, B. (1994). Chromosomal localization of the delta opioid receptor gene to human 1p34.3–p36.1 and mouse 4D bands by in situ hybridization.Genomics 20143–145.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, H. U., and Holaday, J. W. (1993). Opioids in immunologic processes. In Herz, A.(ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids II, (Vol. 104/II). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 361–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunzow, J. R., Saez, C., Mortrud, M., Bouvier, C., Williams, J. T., Low, M., and Grandy, D. K. (1994). Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a putative member of the rat opioid receptor gene family that is not a mu, delta or kappa opioid receptor type.FEBS 347284–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunzow, J. R., Zhang, G., Bouvier, C., Saez, C., Ronnekleiv, O. K., Kelly, M. J., and Grandy, D. K. (1995). Characterization and distribution of a cloned rat mu-opioid receptor.J. Neurochem. 6414–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Mestek, A., Liu, J., Hurley, J. A., and Yu, L. (1993a). Molecular cloning and functional expression of a m-opioid receptor from rat brain.Mol. Pharmacol. 448–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Mestek, A., Lui, J., and Yu, L. (1993b). Molecular cloning of a ratκ opioid receptor reveals sequence similarities to theμ andδ opioid receptors.Biochem. J. 295625–628.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Fan, Y., Liu, J., Mestek, A., Tian, M. T., Kozak, C. A., and Yu, L. (1994a). Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and chromosomal localization of a novel member of the opioid receptor gene family.FEBS 347279–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., and Yu, L. (1994b). Differential regulation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C of the mu opioid receptor coupling to a G protein-activated K channel.J. Biol. Chem. 2697839–7842.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Childers, S. R. (1991). Opioid receptor-coupled second messenger systems.Life Sci. 481991–2003.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Childers, S. R. (1993). Opioid receptor-coupled second messenger systems. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids I, (Vol. 104/I). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 189–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowan (1993). Effects of opioids on the spontaneous behavior of animals. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids II, (Vol. 104/II). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 393–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dascal, N., Schreibmayer, W., Lim, N. F., Wang, W., Chavkin, C., Di, M. L., Labarca, C., Kieffer, B. L., Gaveriaux, R. C., Trollinger, D., Lester, H. A., and Davidson, N. (1993). Atrial G protein-activated K + channel:expression cloning and molecular properties.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 9010235–10239.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Day, R., Trujillo, K. A., and Akil, A. (1993). Prodynorphin biosynthesis and posttranslational processing. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids I, (Vol. 104/1). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 449–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Chiara, G., and North, A. (1992). Neurobiology of opiate abuse.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13185–193.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, R. A., Sigal, I. S., Rands, E., Register, R. B., Candelore, M. R., Blake, A. D., and Strader, C. D. (1987). Ligand binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor involves its rhodopsin-like core.Nature 32673–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, C. J., Keith, D. E., Morrison, H., Magendzo, K., and Edwards, R. H. (1992). Cloning of a delta opioid receptor by functional expression.Science 2581952–1955.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fields, H. L. (1993). Brainstem mechanisms of pain modulation:anatomy and physiology. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology,Opioids II (Vol. 104/II), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fong, T. M., Yu, H., and Strader, C. D. (1992). Molecular basis for the species selectivity of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists CP-96,345 and RP67580.J. Biol. Chem. 26725668–25671.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, K., Kato, S., Mori, K., Nishi, M., and Takeshima, H. (1993). Primary structures and expression from cDNAs of rat opioid receptorδ-andμ-subtypes.FEBS 327311–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, K., Kato, S., Mori, K., Nishi, M., Takeshima, H., Iwabe, N., Miyata, T., Houtani, T., and Sugimoto, T. (1994). cDNA cloning and regional distribution of a novel member of the opioid receptor family.FEBS 34342–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, A. and Naidu, A. (1989) Multiple opioid receptors: Ligand selectivity profiles and binding signatures.Mol. Pharmacol. 36265–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, D. J., Grandy, D. K., Lester, H. A., Davidson, N., and Chavkin, C. (1995). Kappa opioid receptors couple to inwardly rectifying potassium channels when coexpressed byXenopus oocytes.Mol. Pharmacol 47551–557.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, J., Smith, T. W., Kosterlitz, H. W., Fothergill, L. A., Morgan, B. A., and Morris, H. R. (1975). Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity.Nature 258577–579.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. S., Wang, J. B., Wang, W. F., and Uhl, G. R. (1994). Expressed mu opiate receptor couples to adenylate cyclase and phosphatidyl inositol turnover.Neuroreport 5507–509.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, S., Nakamura, S., Adachi, K., Akaike, A., and Satoh, M. (1994). Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and stimulation of cyclic AMP production by kappa opioid receptors expressed inXenopus oocytes.Mol. Br. Res. 27258–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, D. L., Keith, D. E., Anton, B., Tian, J., Magendzo, K., Newman, D., Tran, T. H., Lee, D. S., Wen, C., Xia, Y.-R., Lusis, A. J., and Evans, C. J. (submitted). Characterization of the murine mu opioid receptor gene.

  • Keith, D. (1994). Isolation of cDNA clones homologous to opioid receptors.Reg. Pep. 54143–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khachaturian, H., Lewis, M. E., Schafer, M. K.-H., and Watson, S. J. (1985). Anatomy of the CNS opioid system.Trends Neurochem. Sci. 8111–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer, B. L., Befort, K., Gaveriaux-Ruff, C., and Hirth, C. G. (1992). The d-opioid receptor: Isolation of a cDNA by expression cloning and pharmacological characterization.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 8912048–12052.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klee, W. A., and Nirenberg, M. (1974). A neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cell line with morphine receptors.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 713474–3477.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, R. J., Malatynska, E., Fang, L., Li, X. P., Babin, E., Nguyen, M., Santoro, G., Varga, E. V., Hruby, V. J., Roeske, W. R., and Yamamura, H. I. (1994). Identification of a human delta opioid receptor: Cloning and expression.Life Sci. 54PL463-PL469.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kong, H., Raynor, K., Yasuda, K., Moe, S. T., Porthoghese, P. S., Bell, G. I., and Reisine, T. (1993). A single residue, aspartic acid 95, in the delta opioid receptor specifies selective high affinity agonist binding.J. Biol. Chem. 3123055–23058.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong, H. Y., Raynor, K., Yano, H., Takeda, J., Bell, G. I., and Reisine, T. (1994). Agonists and antagonists bind to different domains of the cloned kappa opioid receptor.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 918042–8046.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovoor, A., Henry, D., and Chavkin, C. (1995). Agonist-induced desensitization of the mu opioid receptor-coupled potassium channel (GIRK1).J. Biol. Chem. 270589–595.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kromer, W. (1988). Endogenous and exogenous opioids in the control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion.Pharmacol. Rev. 40121–161.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, Y., Reuveny, E., Slesinger, P. A., Jan, Y. N., and Jan, L. Y. (1993). Primary structure and functional expression of a rat G-protein-coupled muscarinic potassium channel.Nature 364802–806.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, H. W. L., Minami, M., Satoh, M., and Wong, Y. H. (1995). Gz coupling to the rat kappa opioid receptor.FEBS 36097–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Law, P. Y., Mcginn, T. M., Wick, M. J., Erickson, L. J., Evans, C. J., and Loh, H. H. (1994). Analysis of delta-opioid receptor activities stably expressed in CHO cell lines: Function of receptor density?J Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2711686–1694.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, R. J., Hausdorff, W. P., and Caron, M. G. (1990). Role of phosphorylation in desensitization of beta-adrenoceptor.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11190–194.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, S., Zhu, J., Chen, C., Chen, Y.-W., Deriel, J. K., Ashby, B., and Lui-Chen, L.-Y. (1993). Molecular cloning and expression of a ratκ opioid receptor.Biochem. J. 295629–633.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liles, W. C., and Nathanson, N. M. (1986). Regulation of neuronal muscarinic receptor number by protein glycosylation.J. Neurochem. 4685–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansour, A., Khachaturian, H., Lewis, M., Lewis E., Akil, H., and Watson, S. J. (1987). Autoradiographic differentiation of mu, delta, and kappa receptors in the rat forebrain and midbrain.J. Neurosci. 72445–2464.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansson, E., Bare, L., and Yang, D. M. (1994). Isolation of a human kappa opioid receptor cDNA from placenta.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2021431–1437.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGaugh, J. L., Introini-Collison, I. B., and Castellano, C. (1993). Involvement of opioid peptides in learning and memory. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids II, (Vol. 104/II). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 429–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng, F., Xie, G.-X., Thompson, R. C., Mansour, A., Goldstein, A., Watson, S. J., and Akil, H. (1993). Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a ratκ opioid receptor.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 909954–9958.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, F., Hoversten, M. T., Thompson, R. C., Taylor, L., Watson, S. J., and Akil, H. (1995). A chimeric study of the molecular basis of affinity and selectivity of the kappa and the delta opioid receptors: Potential role of extracellular domains.J. Biol. Chem. 27012730–12736.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mestek, A., Hurley, J. H., Bye, L. S., Campbell, A. D., Chen, Y., Tian, M., Liu, J., Schulman, H., and Yu, L. (1995). The human mu opioid receptor: Modulation of functional desenzitization by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.J. Neurosci. 15501–527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millan, M. J. (1990). k-opioid receptors and analgesia.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1170–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Min, B. H., Augustin, L. B., Felsheim, R. F., Fuchs, J. A., and Loh, H. H. (1994). Genomic structure and analysis of promoter sequence of a mouse mu opioid receptor gene.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 919081–9085.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minami, M., Toya, T., Katao, Y., Maekawa, K., Nakumura, S., Onogi, T., Kaneko, S., and Satoh, M. (1993). Cloning and expresion of a cDNA for the rat k-opioid receptor.FEBS 329291–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollereau, C., Parmentier, M., Mailleux, P., Butour, J. L., Moisand, C., Chalon, P., Caput, D., Vassart, G., and Meunier, J. C. (1994). ORL 1, a novel member of the opioid receptor family. Cloning, functional expression and localization.FEBS 34133–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishi, M., Takeshima, H., Fukuda, K., Kato, S., and Mori, K. (1993). cDNA cloning and pharmacological characterization of an opioid receptor with high affinities for k-subtype-selective ligands.FEBS 33077–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishi, M., Takeshima, H., Mori, M., Nakagawara, K., and Takeuchi, T. (1994). Structure and chromosomal mapping of genes for the mouse kappa opioid receptor and opioid receptor homologue (MOR-C).Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2051353–1357.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • North, R. A. (1986). Opioid receptor types and membrane ion channels.Trends Neurosci. 9114–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • North, R. A. (1993). Opioid action on membrane ion channels. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids I, (Vol. 104/I). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 773–793.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, G. A., Olson, R. D., and Kastin, A. I. (1994). Endogenous opiates:1993.Peptides 151513–1556.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pasternak, G. W. (1993). Pharmacological mechanisms of opioid analgesics.Clin. Pharmacol. 161–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, D., Bodnar, R. J., Gistrak, M. A., and Pasternak, G. W. (1989). Different m receptor subtypes mediate spinal and supraspinal analgesia in mice.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 168307–314.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pert, C. B., and Snyder, S. H. (1973). Opiate receptor: Demonstration in nervous tissue.Science 1791011–1014.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piros, E. T., Prather, P. L., Loh, H. H., Law, P. Y., Evans, C. J., and Hales, T. G. (1995). Ca2 channel and adenylyl cyclase modulation by cloned mu-opioid receptors in GH3 cells.Molecul. Pharmacol. 471041–1049.

    Google Scholar 

  • Portoghese, P. S., Lipowski, A. W., and Takemori, A. E. (1987). Binaltorphimine and norbinaltorphimine, potent and selective k-receptor antagonists.Life Sci. 401287–1292.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portoghese, P. S., Sultana, M., Nagase, H., and Takemori, A. E. (1992). A highly selective dl opioid receptor antagonist: 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX).Eur. J. Pharmacol. 218195–196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Probst, W. C., Snyder, L. A., Schuster, D. I., Brosius, J., and Sealfon, S. C. (1992). Sequence alignment of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily.DNA Cell Biol. 111–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapaka, R. S., and Porreca, F. (1991). Development of delta opioid peptides as nonaddicting analgesics.Pharm. Res. 81–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raynor, K., Kong, H., Chen, Y., Yasuda, K., Yu, L., Bell, G. I., and Reisine, T. (1993). Pharmacological characterization of the cloned κ-, δ- and μ-opioid receptors.Mol. Pharmacol. 45330–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raynor, K., Kong, H., Heerding, J., Hines, J., Benovic, J., and Reisine, T. (1994a). Differential agonist modulation of the cloned opioid receptors reveal distinct cellular mechanisms of receptor regulation.Reg. Pep. 54239–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raynor, K., Kong, H. Y., Hines, J., Kong, G. H., Benovic, J., Yasuda, K., Bell, G. I., and Reisine, T. (1994b). Molecular mechanisms of agonist-induced desensitization of the cloned mouse kappa opioid receptor.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2701381–1386.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rees, D. C., and Hunter, J. C. (1990). Opioid receptors. In Emmet, J. C. (ed.),Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry. Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 805–846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossier, J. (1993). Biosynthesis of enkephalins and proenkephalin-derived peptides. In Herz, A. (ed.).Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids I. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 423–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shook, J. E., Watkins, W. D., and Camporesi, E. M. (1990). Differential roles of opioid receptors in respiration, respiratory disease, and opiate-induced respiratory depression.Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 142895–909.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, E. J., Hiller, J. M., and Edelman, I. (1973). Stereospecific binding of the potent narcotic analgesic3H etorphine to rat brain homogenate.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 701947–1949.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simonin, F., Befort, K., Gaveriaux-Ruff, C., Matthes, H., Nappey, V., Lannes, B., Micheletti, G., and Kieffer, B. (1994). The human delta opioid receptor: Genomic organization, cDNA cloning, functional expression and distribution in human brain.Mol. Pharmacol. 461015–1021.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simonin, F., Gav'eriaux-Ruff, C., Befort, K., Matthes, H., Lannes, B., Micheletti, G., Mattei, M.-G., Charron, G., Bloch, B., and Kieffer, B. (1995). Kappa opioid receptor in humans: cDNA and genomic cloning, chromosomal assignment, functional expression, pharmacology and expression pattern in the central nervous system.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.927006–7010.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sofuoglu, M., Portoghese, P. S., and Takemori, A. E. (1991). Differential antagonism of delta opioid agonists by naltrindole and its benzofuran anaiog (NTB) in mice: Evidence for delta opioid receptor subtypes.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 257676–680.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strader, C. D., Fong, T. M., Tota, M. R., and Underwood, D. (1994). Structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors.Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63101–132.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Surratt, C. K., Johnson, P. S., Moriwaki, A., Seidleck, B. K., Blaschak, C. J., Wang, J. B., and Uhl, G. R. (1994). Mu opiate receptor—Charged transmembrane domain amino acids are critical for agonist recognition and intrinsic activity.J. Biol. Chem. 26920548–20553.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szmuszkovicz, J., and Von Voightlander, P. F. (1982). Benzenacetamides amines. Structurally novel non-mu opioids.J. Med. Chem. 251125–1126.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tallent, M., Dichter, M. A., Bell, G. I., and Reisine, T. (1994). The cloned kappa opioid receptor couples to an N-type calcium current in undifferentiated PC-12 cells.Neuroscience.631033–1040.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terenius, L. (1973). Stereospecific interaction between narcotic analgesics and a synaptic plasma membrane fraction of rat cerebral cortex.Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 32317–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. C., Mansour, A., Akil, A., and Watson, S. J. (1993). Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a rat mu opioid receptor.Neuron 11903–913.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Traynor, J. (1989). Subtypes of the k-opioid receptor: Fact or fiction?Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1052–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Traynor, J. R., and Elliot, J. (1993). δ-opioid receptor subtypes and cross talk with μ-receptors.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1484–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. B., Imai, Y., Eppler, C. M., Gregor, P., Spivak, C. E., and Uhl, G. R. (1993). μ opiate receptor: cDNA cloning and expression.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 9010230–10234.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. B., Johnson, P. S., Imai, Y., Persico, A. M., Ozenberger, B. A., Eppler, C. M., and Uhl, G. R. (1994a). cDNA cloning of an orphan opiate receptor gene family member and its splice variant.FEBS 34875–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. B., Johnson, P. S., Persico, A. M., Hawkins, A. L., Griffin, C. A., and Uhl, G. R. (1994b). Human mu Opiate Receptor—CDNA and Genomic Clones, Pharmacologic Characterization and Chromosomal Assignment.FEBS 338217–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. B., Johnson, P. S., Wu. J. M., Wang, W. F., and Uhl, G. R. (1994c). Human kappa opiate receptor second extracellular loop elevates dynorphin's affinity for human mu/kappa chimeras.J. Biol. Chem. 26925966–25969.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wick, M. J., Minnerath, S. R., Lin, X. Q., Elde, R., Law, P. Y., and Loh, H. H. (1994). Isolation of a novel cDNA encoding a putative membrane receptor with high homology to the cloned mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.Mol. Brain Res. 2737–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wollemann, M. (1994). Discrepancies between identical amino acid sequences of cloned opioidreceptor subtypes and their binding data.Trends Neurosci. 17337.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, G. X., Meng, F., Mansour, A., Thompson, R. C., Hoversten, M. T., Goldstein, A., Watson, S. J., and Akil, H. (1994). Primary structure and functional expression of a guinea pig kappa opioid (dynorphin) receptor.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 913779–3783.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, J. C., Chen, C. G., Zhu, J. M., Kunapuli, S., Deriel, J. K., Yu, L., and Liuchen, L. Y. (1994). Differential binding domains of peptide and non-peptide ligands in the cloned rat kappa opioid receptor.J. Biol. Chem. 26930195–30199.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda, K., Raynor, K., Kong, H., Breder, C. D., Takeda, J., Reisine, T., and Bell, G. I. (1993). Cloning and functional comparision of κ and δ opioid receptors from mouse brain.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 906736–6740.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda, K., Espinosa, R., Takeda, J., Lebeau, M. M., and Bell, G. I. (1994). Localization of the Kappa Opioid Receptor Gene to Human Chromosome Band 8Q11.2.Genomics 19596–597.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, E., Bronstein, D., and Akil, H. (1993). Proopiomelanocortin biosynthesis, processing and secretion: functional implications. In Herz, A. (ed.),Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Opioids I, (Vol. 104/1). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 393–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, J., Chen, C., Xue, J.-C., Kunapuli, S., DeRiel, J. K., and Liu-Chen, L.-Y. (1995). Cloning of a human κ opioid receptor from the brain.Life Sci. 56201–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimprich, A., Simon, T., and Hollt, V. (1995). Cloning and expression of an isoform of the rat mu opioid receptor (rMOR1B) which differs in agonist-induced desensitization from rMOR1.FEBS 359142–146.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kieffer, B.L. Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: Receptors for opioid peptides. Cell Mol Neurobiol 15, 615–635 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02071128

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02071128

Key words

Navigation