References
American Psychiatric Association (1980).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-III). Washington D.C.
Campbell, M., Geller, B., Small, A. M., Petti, T. A., & Ferris, S. H. (1978). Minor physical anomalies in young psychotic children.American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 573–575.
Ekbom, K. A., Jernelius, B., & Kugelberg, E. (1952). Perioral reflexes.Neurology, 2, 103–111.
Gesell, A. M. (1971).The embryology of behavior. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Gubbay, S. S., Lobascher, M., & Kingerlee, P. (1970). A neurological appraisal of autistic children: Results of a western Australian survey.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 12, 422–429.
Jacobs, L., & Gossman, M. D. (1980). Three primitive reflexes in normal adults.Neurology, 30, 184–188.
Jenkyn, L. R., Walsh, D. B., Culver, C. M., & Reeves, A. G. (1977). Clinical signs in diffuse cerebral dysfunction.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 40, 945–966.
Kootz, J. P., Marinelli, B., & Cohen, D. J. (1981). Sensory receptor sensitivity in autistic children: Response times to proximal and distal stimulation.Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 271–273.
Ornitz, E. M. (1983). The neuroanatomy of infantile autism.International Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 85–124.
Paulson, G., & Gottlieb, G. (1968). Developmental reflexes: The reappearance of foetal and neonatal reflexes in aged patients.Brain, 91, 37–52.
Touwen, B. (1976).Neurological development in infancy. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 58, London: William Heinemann Medical Books.
Tweedy, J., Reding, M., Garcia, C., Schulman, P., Deutch, G., & Antin, (1982). Significance of cortical disinhibition signs.Neurology, 32, 169–173.
Villeneuve, A., Turcotte, J., Bouchard, M., Cote, J. M.,& Jus, A. (1974). Release phenomena and iterative activities in psychiatric geriatric patients.Canadian Medical Association Journal, 110, 147–153.
Walker, H. A. (1977). Incidence of minor physical anomaly in autism.Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 7, 165–176.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
We appreciate the cooperation of Benhaven, New Haven, Connecticut, especially Dr. Amy Lettick, director, Mr. Dan Davis, associate director, and Mr. Robert Young. The research was supported in part by the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center Grant No. MH30929, NICHD grant No. HD03008, Mr. Leonard Berger, and the Sophia Foundation for Medical Research. We thank Ms. A. M. C. Ribbink-Goslinga for her editorial assistance. During this project, Dr. Minderaa was a research associate at the Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Minderaa, R.B., Volkmar, F.R., Hansen, C.R. et al. Brief report: Snout and visual rooting reflexes in infantile autism. J Autism Dev Disord 15, 409–416 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531785
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531785