References
Bergdoll MS (1995) Importance of staphylococci that produce nanogram quantities of enterotoxin. Int J Med Microbiol 282: 1
Brocke S, et al (1993) Induction of relapsing paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by bacterial superantigen. Nature 365: 642
Brocke S, et al (1994) Infection and multiple sclerosis: a possible role for superantigens? Trends Microbiol 2: 250
Burns J, Rosenzweig A, Zweiman B, Lisak RP (1983) Isolation of myelin basic protein-reactive T cell lines from normal human blood. Cell Immunol 81: 435
Gaur A, et al (1993), SEB induced anergy: modulation of immune response to T cell determinants of myoglobin and myelin basic protein. J Immunol 150: 3062
Hudson KR, et al (1995) Staphylococcal enterotoxin has two cooperative binding sites on major histocompatibility complex class II. J Exp Med 182: 711
Hurley JM, et al (1995) Identification of class II major histocompatibility complex and T cell receptor binding sites in the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. J. Exp Med 181: 2229
Jardetzky TS, et al (1994) Three-dimensional structure of a human class 11 histocompatibility molecule complexed with superantigen. Nature 368: 711
Kalman B, et al (1993) Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on T cell receptor V beta utilization and clinical manifestations of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 45: 83
Kappler JW, et al (1992) Mutations defining functional regions of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B. J Exp Med 175: 387
Kim C, Siminovitch KA, Ochi A (1991) Reduction of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice by a bacterial superantigen treatment. J Exp Med 174: 1431
Kim J, et al (1994) Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 complexed with a class II major histocompatibility molecule HLA-DRI. Science 266: 1870
Kotzin BL (1994) Superantigens and their role in disease. Hosp Prac (Off Ed) 29: 59
Kotzin BL, et al (1993) Superantigens and their potential role in human disease. Adv Immunol 54: 99
Marrack P, Kappler J (1990) The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science 248: 705
Rott O, Wekerle H, Fleischer B (1992) Protection from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by application of a bacterial superantigen. Int Immunol 4: 347
Schiffenbauer J, et al (1993) Staphylococcal enterotoxins can reactivate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 90: 8543
Seth A, et al (1994) Binary and ternary complexes between T-cell receptor, class II MHC and superantigen in vitro. Nature 369: 324
Soos JM, Schiffenbauer J, Johnson HM (1993) Treatment of PL/J mice with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B prevents development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 43: 39
Sons JM, et al (1995) Accelerated induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in PL/J mice by a non-V beta 8-specific superantigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 6082
Steinman L (1994) Specific motifs in T cell receptor V beta D beta J beta gene sequences in multiple sclerosis lesions in brain. Behring Inst Mitt 94: 148
Stinissen P, et al (1995) Increased frequency of γδ T cells in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 154: 4883
Swaminathan S, et al (1992) Crystal structure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a superantigen. Nature 359: 801
Ulrich RG, Bavari S, Olson MA, (1995) Staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B share a common structural motif for binding class Il major histocompatibility complex molecules. Nature Struct Biol 2: 554
Vinken PJ, et al (eds) (1989) Handb Clin Neurol vol 56, Elsevier Science Publishers
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brocke, S., Piercy, C. & Steinman, L. Superantigens in demyelinating disease. Springer Semin Immunopathol 18, 51–56 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00792608
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00792608