Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of solid sodium reference electrodes for solid-state electrochemical gas sensors

  • Solid-State Ionics
  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Several types of solid reference electrodes for potentiometric gas sensors based on solid sodium ion conductors (e.g., Na+-β/β″-Alumina or NASICON) are described and the observed experimental results are discussed in view of theoretical predictions. Defined sodium activities are established by appropriate equilibria of binary and ternary phases. The binary systems Na-Sb and Na-Bi, and the ternary systems Na-M-O (M is a transition-metal, Co or Ni) were found to show excellent kinetic performance and are capable to fix the chemical potential of sodium well defined over extended periods of time. Some of the sodium reference electrodes are even stable in air. The results are compared with the application of elemental sodium as reference electrode.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Liu, W. Weppner: Solid State Commun. 76, 311–313 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Liu, W. Weppner: Eur. J. of Solid State and Inorganic Chem. (in press)

  3. J. Molenda: Solid State Ion. 21, 263–272 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  4. C. Fouassier, G. Matejka, J. M. Reau, P. Hagenmüller: J. Solid State Chem. 6, 532–537 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  5. C. Delmas, J.J. Braconnier, C. Fouassier, P. Hagenmüller: Solid State Ion. 3/4, 165–169 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Molenda, C. Delmas, P. Hagenmüller: Solid State Ion. 9/10, 431–436 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Molenda: Phys. Status Solidi B 122: 591 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. Stoklosa, J. Molenda, D. Than: Solid State Ion. 15, 211–216 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Molenda, C. Delmas, P. Dordor, A. Stoklosa: Solid State Ion. 22, 473 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. Molenda, A. Stoklosa: Solid State Ion. 38, 1–4 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  11. L.W. Shacklette, T.R. Jow, L. Townsend: J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 2669–2674 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  12. C. John Wen, B.A. Boukamp, R.A. Huggins, W. Weppner: J Electrochem. Soc. 126, 2285 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  13. B.C.H. Steele: Fast ion transport in solids, ed. by W. Von Gool (North Holland, Amsterdam 1973) p. 103

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Weppner, R.A. Huggins: J. Electrochem. Soc. 125, 7–14 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    H. Schettler, J. Liu & W. Weppner

  2. Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW), Helmholtzstrasse 8, W-7900, Ulm, Germany

    R. A. Huggins

Authors
  1. H. Schettler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. Weppner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. A. Huggins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schettler, H., Liu, J., Weppner, W. et al. Investigation of solid sodium reference electrodes for solid-state electrochemical gas sensors. Appl. Phys. A 57, 31–35 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331213

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331213

PACS

Search

Navigation