Summary
Epichloë typhina is a biotrophic fungal pathogen which causes choke disease of pooid grasses. The anamorphic state, Acremonium typhinum, is placed in the section Albo-lanosa along with related, mutualistic, seeddisseminated endophytes. As an initial study of gene structure and evolution in Epichloë and related endophytes, the β-tubulin gene, tub2, of the perennial ryegrass choke pathogen (EtPRG) was cloned and sequenced. The coding sequence and the predicted β-tubulin amino acid sequence were highly homologous to the Neurospora crassa homologs, and to one of the two β-tubulin genes of Emericella nidulans. However, two introns characteristic of the N. crassa and Em. nidulans genes were absent in the E. typhina gene. Furthermore, one of the remaining introns possessed the uncommon 5′ splice junction, GC. In contrast to published observations concerning other Ascomycetes, a mutant of EtPRG, selected for resistance to methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate (benomyl), possessed no alteration of its β-tubulin coding sequence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arachevaleta M, Bacon CW, Hoveland CS, Radcliffe DE (1989) Agron J 81:83–90
Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K (1989) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, USA
Bacon CW, Hinton DM (1988) Trans Brit Mycol Soc 90:563–569
Bultman TL, White JF Jr (1988) Oecologia 75:317–319
Clay K (1988) Clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes of grasses: coevolution and the change from parasitism to mutualism. In: Pirozynski K, Harkworth D (eds) Coevolution of fungi with plants and animals. Academic Press, London, pp 79–105
Clay K (1989) Mycolog Res 92:1–12
Clay K, Leuchtmann A (1989) Mycologia 81:805–811
Dahlman DL, Eichenseer H, Siegel MR (1990) Chemical perspectives on endophyte-grass interaction and their implications to insect herbivory. In: Barbosa P, Kirschik L, Jones E (eds) Multi-trophic level interactions among microorganisms, plants and insects. John Wiley and Sons, New York (in press)
Delves CJ, Ridley RG, Goman M, Holloway SP, Hyde JE, Scaife JG (1989) Mol Microbiol 3:1511–1520
Diehl WW (1950) Balansia and the Balansiae in America. Agr Monogr 4. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Dumais MM, Nochumson S (1987) Bio Techniques 5:62–67
Feinberg AP, Vogelstein B (1983) Anal Biochem 132:6–13
Frishauf A-M, Lehrach H, Poustka A, Murray N (1983) J Mol Biol 170:827–842
Funk CR, Halisky PM, Ahmad S, Hurley RH (1985) How endophytes modify turfgrass performance and response to insect pests in turfgrass breeding and evaluation trials. In: Lemaire F (ed) Proc 5th Int Turf Res Conf, Avignon, France, pp 137–145
Gebeyechu G, Rao PY, SooChan P, Simms DA, Levan L (1987) Nucleic Acids Res 15:4513–4534
Gritz L, Davies J (1983) Gene 25:179–188
Hanahan D (1983) J Mol Biol 166:557–580
Hill NS, Stringer WC, Rottinghaus GE, Belesky DP, Parrott WA, Pope DD (1990) Crop Sci 30:156–161
Hodge MR, Cumsky MG (1989) Mol Cell Biol 9:2765–2770
Innis MA, Myambo KB, Gelfand DH, Brow MA (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:9436–9440
Kaufman RJ, Sharp PA (1982) J Mol Biol 159:601–621
Latch GCM, Christensen MJ (1985) Ann Appl Biol 107:17–24
Latch GCM, Christensen MJ, Samuels GJ (1984) Mycotaxon 20:535–550
Latch GCM, Hunt WF, Musgrave DR (1985) New Zealand J Agric Res 28:165–168
Lewis SA, Ivanov IE, Lee G-H, Cowan NJ (1989) Nature 342:498–505
Li W-H, Wolfe KH, Sourdis J, Sharp PM (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 52:847–856
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
May GS, Tsang ML-S, Smith H, Fidel S, Morris NR (1987) Gene 55:231–243
Morgan-Jones G, Gams W (1982) Mycotaxon 15:311–318
Orbach MJ, Porro EB, Yanofsky C (1986) Mol Cell Biol 6:2452–2461
Panaccione DG, Hanau RM (1990) Gene 86:163–172
Paschal BM, Obar RA, Vallee RB (1989) Nature 342:569–572
Schardl CL, Byrd AD, Benzion G, Altschuler MA, Hildebrand DA, Hunt AG (1987) Gene 61:1–11
Siegel MR, Järlfors U, Latch GCM, Johnson MC (1987a) Can J Bot 65:2357–2367
Siegel MR, Latch GCM, Johnson MC (1987b) Annu Rev Phytopath 25:293–315
Siegel MR, Latch GCM, Bush LP, Fannin FF, Rowan DD, Tapper BA, Bacon CW, Johnson MC (1990) J Chem Ecol (in press)
Thomas JH, Neff N, Botstein D (1985) Genetics 111:715–734
Tonecuzzo F, Glynn S, Levi E, Mjolness S, Hayday A (1988) Biol Techniques 6:60–469
Turgeon BG, Garber RC, Yoder OC (1985) Mol Gen Genet 201:450–453
Vieira J, Messing J (1987) Meth Enzymol 153:3–11
West CP, Izekor E, Oosterhuis DM, Robbins RT (1988) Plant and Soil 112:3–6
White JF Jr (1987) Plant Disease 71:340–342
White JF Jr (1988) Mycologia 80:442–446
White JF Jr, Bultman TL (1987) Amer J Bot 74:1716–1721
White JF Jr, Morgan-Jones G (1987) Mycotaxon 29:489–500
Yelton MM, Hamer JE, Timberlake WE (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:1470–1474
Yen TJ, Gay DA, Pachter JS, Cleveland DW (1988) Mol Cell Biol 8:1224–1235
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Byrd, A.D., Schardl, C.L., Songlin, P.J. et al. The β-tubulin gene of Epichloë typhina from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Curr Genet 18, 347–354 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00318216
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00318216