Abstract
Phosphorylation of polypeptides in isolated thylakoids was examined during chloroplast biogenesis in greening etiolated wheat leaves and 4 day-old wheat leaves grown under a diurnal light regime. At early stages of plastid development standard thylakoid preparations were heavily contaminated with nuclear proteins, which distorted the polypeptide phosphorylation profiles. Removal of contamination from membranes by sucrose density centrifugation demonstrated that the major membrane phosphoprotein in etioplasts was at 35 kDa. During etioplast greening a number of phosphoproteins appeared, of which the 25–27 kDa apoproteins of the light-harvesting chlorophylla/b protein complex associated with photosystem II (LHCII) became the most dominant. At the early stages of thylakoid development found at the base of the 4-day-old light grown leaf the LHCII apoproteins were evident as phosphoproteins; however the major phosphoprotein was polypeptide atca. 9kDA. Phosphorylation of both the LHCII apoproteins and the 9 kDa polypeptide in these thylakoids was not light-dependent. In the older thylakoids isolated from the leaf tip the LHCII apoproteins were the major phosphoproteins and their phosphorylation had become light-regulated; however phosphorylation of the 9 kDa polypeptide remained insensitive to light.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen JF, Bennett J, Steinback KE and Arntzen CJ (1981) Chloroplast protein phosphorylation couples plastoquinone redox state to distribution of excitation energy between photosystems. Nature 291: 25–29
Apel K, Santel H-J, Redlinger TE and Falk H (1980) The Protochlorophyllide holochrome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Isolation and characterizations of the NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Eur J Biochem 111: 251–258
Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenoloxidase inBeta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24: 1–15
Baker NR (1985) Energy transduction during leaf growth. In: Baker NR, Davies WJ and Ong CK (eds) Control of Leaf Growth, pp 115–133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Baker NR, Markwell JP, Bradbury M, Baker MG and Thornber JP (1983) Thylakoid protein kinase activity and associated control of excitation energy distribution during chloroplast biogenesis in wheat. Planta 159: 151–158
Baker NR, Webber AN, Bradbury M, Markwell JP, Baker M and Thornber JP (1984) Development of photochemical competence during growth of the wheat leaf. In: Thornber JP, Staehelin LA and Hallick RB (eds) Biosynthesis of the Photosynthetic Apparatus: Molecular Biology, Development and Regulation, pp 237–255. New York: Alan R Liss Inc.
Barber J (1982) Influence of surface charges on thylakoid structure and function. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 33: 261–295
Barber J (1983) Photosynthetic electron transport in relation to thylakoid membrane composition and organization. Plant Cell Environ 6: 311–322
Bennett J (1977) Phosphorylation of chloroplast membrane polypeptides. Nature 269: 344–346
Bennett J (1980) Chloroplast phosphoproteins: evidence for a thylakoid-bound phosphoprotein phosphatase. Eur J Biochem 104: 85–89
Bennett J (1984) Regulation of photosynthesis by protein phosphorylation. In: Cohen P (ed.) Molecular Aspects of Cellular Regulation, Vol. 3, pp 227–246. Amsterdam: Elsevier
Bennett J, Steinback KE and Arntzen CJ (1980) Chloroplast phosphoproteins: regulation of excitation energy transfer by phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane polypeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 5253–5257
Bredenkamp GK, Percival MP and Baker NR (1985) Organization of the light-harvesting apparatus during chloroplast biogenesis in wheat. In: GAkoyunoglou and HSenger (eds) Regulation of Chloroplast Differentiation. pp 259–265. New York: Alan R Liss Inc.
Boffey SA, Ellis JR, Sellden G and Leech RM (1979) Chloroplast division and DNA synthesis in light-grown wheat leaves. Plant Physiol 64: 502–504
Chow WS, Telfer A, Chapman DJ and Barber J (1981) State 1-State 2 transition in leaves and its association with ATP-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quenching. Biochim Biophys Acta 638: 60–68
Chua N-H (1980) Electrophoretic analysis of chloroplast proteins. Meth in Enzymol 69: 434–446
Dehesh K and Ryberg M (1985) The NADPH-protochlororophyllide oxireductase is the major protein constituent of prolamellar bodies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planta 164: 396–399
Dulley JR and Grieve PA (1975) A simple technique for eliminating interference by detergents in the Lowry method of protein determination. Anal Biochem 64: 136–141
Farchaus J, Dilley RA and Cramer WA (1985) Selective inhibition of the spinach thylakoid LHCII protein kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta 809: 17–26
Haworth P, Kyle DJ, Horton P and Arntzen CJ (1982) Chloroplast membrane protein phosphorylation. Photochem Photobiol 36: 743–748
Hoyer-Hansen G and Simpson DJ (1977) Changes in polypeptide composition of internal membranes of barley plastids during greening. Carlsberg Res Commun 42: 379–389
Horton P (1983) Control of chloroplast electron transport by phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins. FEBS Lett 152: 47–52
Horton P, Allen J, Black MT and Bennett K (1981) Regulation of chloroplast membrane polypeptides by redox state of plastoquinone. FEBS Lett 125: 193–196
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680–685
Leech RM and Baker NR (1983) The development of photosynthetic capacity in leaves. In: Dale JE and Milthorpe FL (eds) The Growth and Functioning of Leaves, pp 271–307. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AJ and Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265–275
Markwell JP, Baker NR and Thornber JP (1982) Metabolic regulation of the thylakoid protein kinase. FEBS Lett 142: 171–174
Markwell JP, Baker NR, Bradbury M and Thornber JP (1984) Use of zinc ions to study thylakoid protein phosphorylation and the State 1-State 2 transition in vitro. Plant Physiol 74: 348–354
Morrissey JH (1981) Silver stain for proteins in polyacrylamide gels: a modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Anal Biochem 117: 307–310
Neville DMJr (1971) Molecular weight determination of protein-dodecyl sulfate complexes by gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous buffer system. J Biol Chem 246: 6328-xxx
Oliver RP and Griffiths WT (1980) Identification of the polypeptides of NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Biochem J 191: 277–280
Owens GC and Ohad I (1982) Phosphorylation ofChlamydomonas reinhardi chloroplast membrane proteins in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biol 93: 712–718
Percival MP, Webber AN, Markwell JP and Baker NR (1986) Modification of the interaction between photosystem II and the light-harvesting chlorophylla/b-protein complex by protein phosphorylation in developing wheat thylakoids exhibiting different degrees of later heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta 848: 317–323
Webber AN, Baker NR, Platt-Aloia K and Thomson WW (1984) Appearance of a State 1-State 2 transition during chloroplast development in the wheat leaf: energetic and structural considerations. Physiol Plant 60: 171–179
Webber AN, Baker NR, Paige CD and Hipkins MF (1986) Photosynthetic electron transport and establishment of an associated trans-thylakoid proton electrochemical gradient during development of the wheat leaf. Plant Cell Environ 9: 203–208
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Covello, P.S., Webber, A.N., Danko, S.J. et al. Phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins during chloroplast biogenesis in greening etiolated and light-grown wheat leaves. Photosynth Res 12, 243–254 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055124
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055124