Abstract
This paper addresses several peculiar properties of ferritic/austenitic welded joints (Black and White Joints-BWJ) of thin sheets, which are emerging nowadays due to cost saving and satisfactory service performance. Starting from 3D thermal field modelling approached by considering Goldak’s double ellipsoidal heat source, together with a contribution of the authors, a 2D FEM-based model was used for arc welding of low carbon steel (CS) and stainless steel (SS) of thin sheets (3 mm). Conclusion helped to conduct experiments of BWJ arc welding (MMA and TIG), and laser-GMA hybrid welding, whilst infrared thermographic measurements were compared with the FEM results. Besides microstructural examination and mechanical characterization (hardness and tensile), fracture toughness and stress corrosion tests were performed on the BWJ laser hybrid welded. Whilst the model has offered important qualitative information about the asymmetric thermal field and the heat apportionment on the molten metal pool formation, the experiments have shown inadequate microstructures and constitutions of the welds for MMA and TIG welding, with respect to laser-GMAW hybrid joints. The description of the experimental program focused on B&W laser-GMA hybrid welding of thin plates aiming a characterization procedure using fracture mechanics methods is briefly presented.
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Abbreviations
- a, b, cf, cr :
-
the four axial dimensions of the ellipses [mm]
- c, c1, c2 :
-
specific heat capacity [J/(kg/K)]
- f f, fr :
-
proportion coefficients for heat apportionment in the front and rear side of the welding pool
- s:
-
plate thickness [mm]
- L:
-
enthalpy of fusion (heat of fusion) [kJ/mol]
- q1, q2 :
-
- volumetric heat input
- Q:
-
energetic input rate [W]
- T0 :
-
initial temperature [°C]
- T:
-
current temperature [°C]
- U:
-
arc voltage [V]
- I:
-
welding current [A]
- vs :
-
welding speed [m/s]
- η:
-
process energetic efficiency
- ηm :
-
process melting efficiency
- λ:
-
effective thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)]
- θT :
-
base material melting temperature [°C]
- θmax :
-
maximum temperature of the liquid metal [°C]
- ρ:
-
mass density [kg/m3]
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Iordachescu, D., Scutelnicu, E., Iordachescu, M. et al. Specific properties of ferritic/austenitic Dissimilar Metals Welded Joints . Weld World 55, 2–11 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03321280
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03321280