Abstract
Some civil engineering projects require the injection of granular matter such as sand into the ground. However, granular matter resists pumping through tubes and thus it is difficult to inject such matter into the ground. With the help of several methods forces and movements of grains were visualized. Force chains and arches in a two dimensional granular matter model were visualized with pola rized light and photo-elastic material. The movement of sand grains was visualized on a glass plate in a half-space ground model. With th e p article im age velocimetry (PIV) method the vector field of the movement and the field of the resulting shear rate were assessed. In this way a new method for the injection of granular material, such as, sand into the ground was devised. The method appears to be applicable to lift a building to counter subsidence.
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Klaus Affeld: Hereceived his diplom a degree in Aircraft Engineering in 1962 and his doctorate (Eng,) in fluid mechanics in 1969 from the Technical University Berlin, He worked at the in stitute of aircra ft engineering in Berlin before starting his doctorate. After obtaining his doctorate, he worked as a researcher in Biofluidmechanics, focusing on the development of an artificial heart and taught Biofluidmechanics at the Technical University Berlin, In 1987, he founded the Biofluidinechanics Laboratory within the Charité. His research interests are blood flow, including flow in artificia lorgans, experimental methods in fluid mech anics, biomedicaleng ineering an d biom ech anics,
Felix Affeld: He studied architecture at the Technical University Berlin. He studied also at the University of Venice and did his diploma thesis on Venice. In Venice he became aware of the cities problem of sub sidence. He is the initiator of this project — to find a countermeasure to the subsidence.
Perrine Debaene: She received her Diploma in Biomedical Engineering — Biomechanics/Biomaterials from the Technological University of Compiegne, France, in 2001. Since 2001 Perrine Debaene works as a research assistant at the Biofluidimechanics Laboratory, Charite Berlin. She finished her Ph.D. thesis, that was supported by the German National Aca demic Foundation and received her doctorate in Engineering from the Technical University of Berlin in 2005. Her research interests are quantitative visualization, PIV, flow in natural and artificial orga ns and biomechanics.
Leonid Goubergrits: He received his MSc (Physics) in Fluid Mechanics in 1993 from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of the Aeromechanics and Flying Machines. He received his doctorate in Engineering in 2000 from the Technical University of Berlin. Since 1996, Leonid Goubergrits works at the Biofluidmechanics Laboratory, Charité, Berlin, as a research assistant. His research interests are quantitative visualization, PIV, CFD, flow optimiza tion of th e artificial organs and analysis of the blood flow in native vessels.
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Affeld, K., Affeld, F., Debaene, P. et al. Injection of granular material. J Vis 9, 31–38 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03181566
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03181566