Summary
We have discovered the most general classical field of force for which the orbit of a test-particle is invariably plane. If the relativistic equations of a test-particle are interpreted in the classical sense, a general result is obtained, of which a particular case accounts for the orbit of Mercury being plane even according to relativists.
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References
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Narlikar, V.V., Karmarkar, K.R. Conditions of plane orbits in classical and relativistic fields. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) 24, 451 (1946). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03171383
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03171383