Skip to main content
Log in

Direct and continuous measurement of relational learning in human pavlovian conditioning

  • Published:
The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science : Official Journal of the Pavlovian Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted employing a continuous measure of conditional stimulus/unconditional stimulus (CS/US) contingencies as perceived by the subject (i.e., subjective contingency or SC). It is argued that direct measurement of relational learning, as indexed by SC, can lead to a better understanding of Pavlovian conditioning processes. The first two experiments applied this approach to a methodologic controversy, raising the debate from a procedure-based argument to testing what the subject actually learns about CS/US relationships. While the issue was not resolved, testable hypotheses for future research were generated from the data. The third experiment contrasted the contingency stimulus-stimulus (S-S) account of Pavlovian conditioning with an earlier stimulus-response (S-R) continguity-reinforcement account. In this experiment, both SC and skin resistance were measured. Evidence for the existence of both cognitive-propositional and response-learning processes in conditioning was obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Badia, P., and Defran, R. H. Orienting responses and GSR conditioning: A dilemma.Psychological Review, 1970,77, 171–181.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Champion, R. A., and Jones, J. E. Drive level (D) and extinction in classical aversive conditioning.The Journal of General Psychology, 1962,67, 61–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, M. E. Can classical conditioning occur without contingency learning? A review and evaluation of the evidence.Psychophysiology, 1973,10, 82–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J. Reinforcement through UCS offset in classical aversive conditioning.Australian Journal of Psychology, 1965,17, 205–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J. Explicitly-unpaired and truly-random CS⇽ontrols in human classical differential autonomic conditioning.Psychophysiology, 1971,8, 497–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J. Some limits on the cognitive control of conditioned autonomic behavior.Psychophysiology, 1973,70, 108–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J. “Negative results”: Abolish the name but honor the same. In J. P. Sutcliffe (Ed.),Conceptual Analysis and Method in Psychology. Studies in Honor of W. M. O’Neil. Sydney: University of Sydney Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., and Arabian, J. M. A Pavlovian psychophysiological perspective on the OR: The facts of the matter. In H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van Olst, and J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.),The Orienting Reflex in Humans. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlebaum Associated, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., and Poulos, C. X. Short-interval classical SCR conditioning and the stimulus-sequencechange-elicited OR: The case of the empirical red herring.Psychophysiology, 1977,14, 351–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., and Schiffmann, K. Test of the propriety of the traditional discriminative control procedures in Pavlovian electrodermal and plethysmographic conditioning.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,97, 161–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., and Schiffmann, K. Concurrent measurement of autonomic and cognitive processes in a test of the traditional discriminative control procedure for Pavlovian electrodermal conditioning.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1973,100, 210–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., and Schiffmann, K. Interrelationships between human classical differential electrodermal conditioning, orienting reaction, responsivity and awareness of stimulus contingencies.Psychophysiology, 1974,11, 58–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., Poulos, C. X., and Schiffmann, K. Contingency theory and classical autonomic excitatory and inhibitory conditioning; Some problems of assessment and interpretation.Psychophysiology, 1975a,12, 98–195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J. J., Poulos, C. X., and Schiffmann, K. Logical problems with Prokasy’s assessment of contingency relations in classical skin conductance conditioning.Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1975b,7, 521–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. E. Contiguity and reinforcement in relation to CS-UCS intervals in classical aversive conditioning.Psychological Review, 1962,69, 176–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamin, L. J. Temporal and intensity characteristics of the conditioned stimulus. In W. F. Prokasy (Ed.),Classical Conditioning. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimble, G. A.Hilgard and Marquis’ Conditioning and Learning (2nd edition). New York: AppletonCentury Crofts, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, R. A. Cognitive processes and the multiple response phenomenon.Psychophysiology, 1973,10, 112–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prokasy, W. F. Random control procedures in classical skin conductance conditioning.Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1975a,7, 516–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prokasy, W. F. Random controls: A rejoinder.Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1975b,7, 524–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prokasy, W. F., Williams, W. C., Kumpfer, K. I., Lee, W. Y., and Jensen, W. R. Differential SCR conditioning with two control baselines: Random signal and signal absent.Psychophysiology, 1973,10, 145–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prokasy, W. F. Personal communication, 1976.

  • Rescorla, R. A. Pavlovian conditioning and its proper control procedures.Psychological Review, 1967,74, 71–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffinann, K., and Furedy, J. J. Failures of contingency and cognitive factors to affect long-interval differential Pavlovian autonomic conditioning.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1972,96, 215–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffmann, K., and Furedy, J. J. The effect of CS-US contingency variation of GSR and on subjective CS-US relational awareness.Memory & Cognition. 1977,5, 273–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segal, E. M., and Lachman, R. Complex behavior or higher mental process: Is there a paradigm shift?American Psychologist, 1972,27, 46–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szalai, J. P., and Furedy, J. J. Is the effective tilt US onset merely coy and elusive or should we welcome back backward conditioning—Pavlov’s prodigal son?Psychophysiology, 1978,15, 272 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trapold, M. A., Hornzie, M., and Rutledge, E. Backward conditioning and UCR latency.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1964,67, 387–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimny, G. H., Stern, J. A., and Field, S. P. Effects of CS and UCS relationships on electrodermal response and heart rate.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1966,72, 177–181.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Furedy, J.J., Arabian, J.M., Thiels, E. et al. Direct and continuous measurement of relational learning in human pavlovian conditioning. Pav. J. Biol. Sci. 17, 69–79 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03002001

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03002001

Keywords

Navigation