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Photonic crystals and the real world of optical telecommunications

Les Cristaux Photoniques et le Monde Réel des Telecommunications Optiques

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Abstract

The last decade has seen a tremendous interest in the field of photonic crystals. After a review of the basic properties of ideal two-dimensional photonic crystals, we describe the recent advances that lead to consider them as good candidates for a powerful control of light in future miniature photonic devices. The choice of devices is oriented in view of possible applications to high-density telecommunication optical circuits. We first mainly focus on integrated optics with 2D photonic crystals that are the most fascinating in terms of miniaturisation with existing technologies. We discuss the critical issues for minimising the propagation losses in photonic-crystal waveguides as well as the interest of high-Q cavities and the last advances in building-blocks for ultra-compact photonic integrated circuits. We also show the recent advances in microstructured fibres, that are certainly promised to be the most immediate application of photonic crystals in the real world of optical communications. Finally, we present new technologies and architectures that open the way to three-dimensional structures with the ultimate goal of a full control of light. This is followed by conclusive remarks on what photonic crystals can bring to the field of telecommunications.

Résumé

La dernière décennie a été marquée d’un intérêt sans précédent pour le domaine des cristaux photoniques. Après une brève revue des propriétés de base des cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels idéaux, nous décrivons les avancées récentes qui amènent à les considérer comme de bons candidats pour un contrôle efficace de la lumière dans les futurs dispositifs photoniques miniatures. Le choix des dispositifs est orienté en vue d’applications possibles aux circuits optiques à haute densité. En premier lieu, nous nous focalisons principalement sur l’optique intégrée avec les cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels qui sont les plus fascinants en termes de miniaturisation à partir des technologies existantes. Nous discutons en détail les points critiques pour minimiser les pertes de propagation dans les guides d’onde à cristal photonique, de même que l’intérêt des cavités à Q élevé et les dernières avancées dans la réalisation des briques de base pour des circuits photoniques intégrés ultra-compacts. Nous montrons aussi les récentes avancées dans les fibres microstructurées qui sont certainement promises à être l’application la plus immédiate des cristaux photoniques dans le monde réel des télécommunications optiques. Finalement, nous présentons des nouvelles techniques et des nouvelles architectures qui ouvrent la voie aux structures tridimensionnelles dont le but ultime est le contrôle total de la lumière. Ceci est suivi de remarques de conclusion quant aux apports possibles des cristaux photoniques au domaine des télécommunications optiques.

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  1. Henri Benisty

    Present address: Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l’Institut d’Optique, UMR 8501 du CNRS, 91403, Orsay cedex, France

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  1. Institut d’Électronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 du CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 220, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France

    Jean-Michel Lourtioz, Alexei Chelnokov & Sylvain David

  2. Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7643 du CNRS, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France

    Ségolène Olivier

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Lourtioz, JM., Benisty, H., Chelnokov, A. et al. Photonic crystals and the real world of optical telecommunications. Ann. Télécommun. 58, 1197–1237 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03001730

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