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Germplasm collections and breeding needs in Europe

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Abstract

Finding new ways to increase usage of germplasm from national genebanks for crop improvement remains an international challenge. Collections still appear deficient both in the quality and quantity of the data that describe the samples and this is clearly limiting the flow of material. Based on a survey of European breeders for two crops, it appears that breeders in developed countries often maintain substantial working collections and furthermore that material from these collections is commonly exchanged among the breeders. While the variability in toto in these working collections generally appears to be more than adequate for most present needs, there is a strong and continuing interest by breeders in gaining access to novel variability. It is suggested that to maximize the utility of collections, increased emphasis should be placed on studying and assembling small sub-collections that contain representative samples of the available diversity.

Résumé

Les banques de gènes et les besoins des améliorateurs en Europe. Jusqu’à présent il demeure difficile de trouver des solutions satisfaisantes à un niveau international pour accroître l’usage des ressources génétiques des banques de gènes et permettre ainsi unmeilleur développement des espèces cultivées. En effet les collections paraissent encore déficientes dans la qualité et la quantité des informations données sur les échantillons, ce qui est un des facteurs limitant leur usage. D’après une enquête faite chez les améliorateurs européens, pour deux espèces différentes, les améliorateurs des pays développés entretiennent généralement d’importantes collections privées et les échantillons de ces collections forment souvent une base d’échanges. Bien que la diverssité disponible dans ces collections privées semble être plus que suffisante pour la plupart des besoins actuels, les améliorateurs continuent à manifester un très grand intérêt pour obtenir de nouvelles sources de diversité génétique. Afin de pouvoir accroître l’usage des banques de gènes publiques, une des solutions proposée est d’assembler et d’étudier plus en détail pour chaque banque de gènes des sous-collections qui seraient représentatives de la diversité disponible dans l’ensemble de la collection.

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Peeters, J.P., Galwey, N.W. Germplasm collections and breeding needs in Europe. Econ Bot 42, 503–521 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862795

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