Abstract
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci were used to investigate the origin and genetic relationships of the domesticated sunflower and its wild relatives. A total of 13 primers was employed for the PCR amplifications, from which 68 polymorphic loci were scored. Analysis of RAPD data supports the origin of the domesticated sunflower from wildH. annuus. The high RAPD identity between wild and domesticatedH. annuus (I = 0.976 to I = 0.997) is concordant with a progenitorderivative relationship. However, the identities are very high and therefore provide little information regarding the geographic origin of the domesticated sunflower. Nonetheless, some inferences concerning relationships among domesticated sunflower accessions can be made. The native American varieties and old landracesform a genetically cohesive group based on RAPD evidence, probably due to their origin prior to the use of interspecific hybridization in the development of sunflower cultivars. In contrast, the modern cultivars are not genetically cohesive, perhaps due to the extensive use of intraspecific and interspecific hybridization in the development of modern sunflower varieties. Likewise, little concordance was observed between the geographical origin and genetic clustering of wild populations—an observation probably best explained by the weedy, human dispersed nature of wildH. annuus populations. The information presented here may be a reliable indicator of genetic relationships among wild and domesticated sunflower accessions. However, the processes generating the observed relationships are complex, and the occurrence of unexpected groupings or absence of predicted ones will probably remain difficult to understand.
Abstract
Los loci obtenidos de Polimorfismos de ADN Amplificados al Azar (RAPDs) fueron usados para investigar el origen y las relaciones genéticas del girasol domesticado y de sus parientes silvestres. Un total de trece sequencias primarias fueron utilizadas para las amplificaciones de PCR, de los cuales 68 loci polimórficos fueron muestreados. El análisis de identidades utilizando RAPDs entreH. annuus domesticados y silvestres (de I = 0.976 a I = 0.997) es concordante con el modelo de progenitor-derivado. Sin embargo, los valores de identidad son altos y por lo tanto proveen poca información en relación al origen geográfico del girasol domesticado. Por otro lado, alguna información acerca de las relaciones entre las poblaciones domesticadas pueden hacerse. La evidencia de RAPDs indica que las variedades Americanas nativas y las razas antiguas forman una agrupación genéticamente cohesiva, debido probablemente a que se originaron antes del uso de hibridación interespecífica en el desarrollo de cultivares de girasol. En contraste, los cultivares modernos no sepresentan genéticamente cohesivos, debido quizás al extenso uso de hibridación intraespecífica e interespecífica en el desarrollo de las variedades modernas de girasol; de otra manera, la poca concordancia observada entre el origen geográfico y el agrupamiento genético de las poblaciones silvestres—una observación que probablemente puede ser mejor explicada por la naturaleza malezoide y de dispersión humana que las poblaciones deH. annuus poseen. La información presentada aquí quizás sea un indicador confiable de las relaciones genéticas entre las poblaciones silvestres y domesticadas. Los procesos que han generado las relaciones observadas son complejas. La presencia de agrupaciones inesperadas o la ausencia de agrupaciones predichas en particular pobablemente será difícil de entender.
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Arias, D.M., Rieseberg, L.H. Genetic relationships among domesticated and wild sunflowers (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae). Econ Bot 49, 239–248 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862340
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862340