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Velvetbean: A “new” plant with a history

El Frijol de abono: Una planta nueva con una historia

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Abstract

Velvetbean (Mucuna spp.), a vigorous climbing legume of Asian origin, is prominent among the plants currently promoted for use as a green manure and cover crop in the humid tropics. What is not so well known, however, is that the development and diffusion of cropping systems using velvetbean is the result of experimentation by numerous farmers and scientists spanning four centuries and at least eight countries. This article traces the movement of velvetbean and knowledge of its uses, with a view to identifying some of the conditions under which the crop has waxed and waned in the United States and Mesoamerica. Climatic factors, land and labor constraints, and market forces are discussed. The velvetbean story shows that agricultural innovation is neither static nor the purview of a privileged class of innovators. It also suggests that sustainable cropping practices such as green manuring should not be promoted as static models but rather as dynamic systems responsive to the changing conditions of farmers and the broader environment.

Résumé

El frijol de abono (Mucuna spp.), una vigorosa leguminosa trepadora de origen asiatico, sobresale entre las plantas que en la actualidad estan siendo promovidas para usarse como abonos verdes o cultivos de cobertura en el tropico húmedo. Lo que no es de conocimiento tan común es que el desarrollo y la difusión de los sistemas de cultivo que utilizan frijol de abono son el resultado de la experimentatión realizada por numerosos campesinos y científicos en el transcurso de cuatro siglos y en al menos ocho países. Este artículo rastrea el movimiento de la leguminosa y del conocimiento de sus usos, con miras a identificar las condiciones en las que se ha popularizado o ha caído en desuso en los Estados Unidos y Mesoamerica. Se examinan, ademas, los factores climáticos, los factores limitantes de tierra y mano de obra, y lasfuerzas del mercado. La historia del frijol de abono demuestra que la innovatión en la agricultura no es ni estática ni exclusiva de una close privilegiada de innovadores. Asimismo, sugiere que las prácticas agronómicas “sostenibles”, como los abonos verdes, no deben promoverse como modelos estáticos, sino como sistemas dinámicos que responden a las condiciones cambiantes de los agricultores y del medio ambiente en general.

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Buckles, D. Velvetbean: A “new” plant with a history. Econ Bot 49, 13–25 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862271

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