Abstract
Our reply to the commentary on cladistics presented by Cronquist (1987) is aimed at four issues:
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1)
the application of scientific principles in systematics;
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2)
the recognition that the analysis of pattern is a vital precursor to any consideration of evolutionary process. A priori judgements of evolutionary process are unnecessary for the generation of informative systematic hypotheses which are chosen for their ability to explain the patterns of character distributions rather than for compatibility with any particular preconceived ideas about evolution;
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3)
that phenetic concepts such as overall similarity, grades, gaps, and degree of divergence, if included in methods of phylogenetic inference, will give erroneous results. Paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups must, consequently, be rejected from systematics since they have no rational empirical basis for recognition;
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4)
the fact that many of the problems of phylogenetic analysis attributed by Cronquist to cladistics are common to all systematic methods but that these can be dealt with by the application of such principles as parsimony, synapomorphy, and strict monophyly.
Zusammenfassung
Wir namen Stellung zum Kommentar des Herrn Prof. Cronquist (1987) über Kladistisk richten vier Ausgaben:
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1)
Die Anwendung von wissenschaftlichen Prinzipen auf Systematik.
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2)
Die Erkenntis das die Analyse der Gestaltung ein unerlassicher Vorläufer des Studiums des phylogenetischen Vorganges. A priori Urteile des phylogenetischen Vorganges sind unnötig um informationsreiche systematische Hypothesen zu erzeugen die gewählt werden weil sie die Verbreitung der Charakter Eigenschaften erklären kömmen statt in Übereinstimmung mit irgend welchen vorgefassten ideen über Phylogenie;
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3)
Dass phenetische Begriffe wie allgemeine Übereinstimmung und Grad sowie Lücken und Rang der Auseinanderlaufen, zu Fehlen führen, wenn sie in der Methodik der phylogenetischen Schlussfolgenung eingeschlossen werden. Die paraphyletische und polyphyletische Gruppen müssen von der Systematik ausgeschlossen werden da keine rationelle empirische Grundlage für ihre Anerkennung besteht;
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4)
Die Tatsache das viele Probleme die phylogenetische Analyse von Cronquist der Kladisticen zugeteil werden jedoch allgemein in allen systematischen Methoden; auftauchen diese können dabei durch Anwendung der Prinzipen der Sparsamkeit und die Synapomorphie, und die strenge Monophylie.
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Humphries, C.J., Chappill, J.A. Systematics as science: A response to Cronquist. Bot. Rev 54, 129–144 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858526
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858526