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Electromagnetic properties of superconductors

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Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)

Summary

A method of calculating the response of superconductors to weak electromagnetic fields is -formulated. The response is generated from a single-particle Green’s function, defined in the presence of an electromagnetic perturbation, that satisfies the conditions imposed by gauge invariance and charge conservation. The response function is thus itself explicitly gauge invariant and charge conserving. The singleparticle Green’s function is obtained by making Gorkov’s factorization of the two-particle Green’s function in the presence of the external field. The symmetry properties of the approximation are used to simplify the calculation considerably. This is trivially carried out in the London limit. An economical derivation is thus obtained of Anderson’s result that the Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer quasi-particle excitations must be supplemented by a collective excitation in order to satisfy the conservation laws.

Riassunto

Si espone un inetodo per calcolare la risposta dei superconduttori ai deboli campi elettromagnetici. La risposta è generata da una funzione di Green per singola particella, definita in presenza di una perturbazione elettromagnetica, che soddisfa le condizioni imposte dall’invarianza di gauge e dalla conservazione della carica. La funzione di risposta deve anch’essa soddisfare esplicitamente all’invarianza di gauge e alla conservazione della carica. La funzione di Green per singola particella viene ottenuta applicando una fattorizzazione di Gorkov alla funzione di Green per due particelle in presenza di un campo esterno. Le proprietà di simmetria dell’approssimazione vengono usate per semplificare notevolmente i calcoli. Questi vengono semplicemente eseguiti nell’approssimazione di London. Si ottiene così una derivazione semplificata del risultato di Anderson che le eccitazioni delle quasi-particelle di Bardeen, Cooper e Schrieffer deve essere affiancata da una eccitazione collettiva per soddisfare alle leggi di conservazione.

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References

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Ambegaokar, V., Kadanoff, L.P. Electromagnetic properties of superconductors. Nuovo Cim 22, 914–935 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02787879

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02787879

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