Skip to main content
Log in

Correlation between total and EDTA/DTPA-extractable trace elements in soil and wheat

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wheat and wheat products are more important sources of energy and nutrients in diets of people in many cultures compared to other foods. The daily consumption of wheat is about 200 g/d/person in Western Europe and North America. On the other hand, 400–450 g of wheat and wheat products are consumed daily by average Turkish people. Wheat samples collected from the Iskenderun region in 1995 and 1996 and Ankara and Istanbul regions in 1995 were analyzed for their trace element content by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In addition, 13 soil samples were collected from the Iskenderun region in 1996. Total soil samples were analyzed by INAA and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), EDTA-extractable elements by INAA, and DTPA-extractable elements by AAS. Correlation analysis and enrichment factor calculations were applied to the trace element results. In wheat samples, a strong correlation was found between the elements such as Sc, La, Sm, Rb, and K whose main source is soil. The concentration of Se appeared to show larger variations among different regions. No significant correlation was observed for elements such as As and Se whose main sources in the atmosphere are anthropogenic activities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. A. Betschart, Nutritional quality of wheat, inWheat: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. II, 3rd ed., Y. Pomeranz, ed., American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN pp. 91–130 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  2. O. Köksal, National Nutrition-Health and Food Consumption Survey of Turkey, 1974, Hacettepe University, Ankara (1977).

  3. TOKB-UNICEF,Food Consumption and Nutrition, TOKB-UNICEF Ankara (1987).

  4. I. öborn, G. Jansson, and L. Johnsson, A field study on the influence of soil pH on trace element levels in spring wheat and carrots (Daucus Carota),Water Air Soil Pollut. 85, 835–840 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Bajo, A. Wyttenbach, L. Tobler, and H. Conradin, Multielement determination in soil extracts by instrumental neutron activation analysis,J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 134(1), 181–191 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ph. Quevauviller, M. Lachica, E. Barahona, G. Rauret, A. Ure, A. Gomez et al., Interlaboratory comparison of EDTA and DTPA procedures prior to certification of extractable trace elements in calcareous soil,Sci. Total Environ. 178, 127–132 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. W. L. Lindsay and W. A. Norvell, Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper,Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42, 421–428(1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Ercan and S. Velioglu, Mineral content of variety of wheat and flours,Doga Tr. J. Agric. Forest. 14, 393–400 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Peech, Hydrogen ion activity, inMethods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, C. A. Black, ed., Agronomy Series 9, American Society of Agronomy, Milwaukee, WI (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Tessier, P. G. C. Campbell, and M. Bisson., Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals,Anal. Chem. 51 (7), 844–851 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. N. K. Aras and J. Kumpulainen, Trace Elements in Turkish Wheat and Diets,FAO Regional Office Europe REU Tech. Series 49, 103–117 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  12. I. Cakmak, A. Yilmaz, M. Kalayci, H. Ekiz, B. Torun, B. Erenoglu, et al., Zinc deficiency as a critical problem in wheat production in Central Anatolia,Plant Soil 180, 165–172 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Sillanpaa,Micronutrients and the Nutrient Status of Soils, FAO Soils Bulletin Rome (1982).

  14. G. E. Gordon, Receptor models,Environ. Sci. Technol. 22 (10), 1132–1142 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. S. Ratha and B. K. Sahu, Source and distribution of metals in urban soil of Bombay, India, using multivariate statistical techniques,Environ. Geol. 22, 276–285(1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Sato and K. Sada, Effect of emissions from a coal-fired power plant on surface soil trace element concentrations,Atmos. Environ. 26A (2), 325–331 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W. Shotyk, Natural and anthropogenic enrichments of As, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in ombrotrophic versus minerotrophic peat bog profiles, Jura Mountains, Switzerland,Water Air Soil Pollut. 90, 375–405 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N. K. Aras and I. Olmez, Human exposure to trace elements through diet,Nutrition 11 (5), 506–511 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cankur, O., Aras, N.K., Olmez, I. et al. Correlation between total and EDTA/DTPA-extractable trace elements in soil and wheat. Biol Trace Elem Res 71, 109–119 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02784197

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02784197

Index Entries

Navigation