References
Allies A B, Bourke A F G and Franks N R 1986 Propaganda substances in the cuckoo antLeptothorax kutteri and the slave-makerHarpagoxenus sublaevis;J. Chem. Ecol. 12 1285–1293
Franks N R 1982 Ecology and population regulation in the army antEciton burchelli; inThe ecology of a tropical forest (eds) E G Leigh, A S Rand and D M Windsor (Washington DC: Smithsonian) pp 389–395
Franks N R and Partridge L W 1993 Lanchester battles and the evolution of combat in ants;Anim. Behav. 45 197–199
Franks N R and Partridge L W 1994 Lanchester’s theory of combat, self-organization, and the evolution of army ants and cellular societies; inBehavioral mechanisms in evolutionary ecology (ed.) L A Real (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) pp 390–408
Lanchester F W 1916Aircraft in warfare—the dawn of the fourth arm (London: Constable)
McGlynn T P 1999 Non-native ants are smaller than related native ants;Am. Nat. 154 690–699
McGlynn T P 2000 Do Lanchester’s laws of combat describe competition in ants?;Behav. Ecol. 11 686–690
Ollet D G, Morgan E D, Attygalle A B and Billen J P J 1987 The contents of the Dufour gland of the antHarpagoxenus sublaevis Nyl. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae);Z. Naturforsch. Teil A 42c 141–146
Regnier F E and Wilson E O 1971 Chemical communication and "propaganda" in slave-maker ants;Science 172 267–269
Taoka N 1997Lanchester strategy: an introduction (Sunnyvale, California: Lanchester Press)
Whitehouse M E A and Jaffe K 1996 Ant wars: combat strategies, territory and nest defence in the leaf-cutting antAtta laevigata;Anim. Behav. 51 1207–1217
Yano S 1996New Lanchester strategy—sales and marketing strategy for the weak Vol 2 (Sunnyvale, California: Lanchester Press)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Borges, R.M. Warring ants: Lessons from Lanchester’s laws of combat?. J Biosci 27, 75–78 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703761
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703761