Skip to main content
Log in

A non-invasive, partial-body exposure method for measuring the complex permittivity of biological substances at microwave frequencies

  • Published:
Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A non-invasive and selective (partial-body) exposure technique for measuring the complex permittivity of biological substances at microwave frequencies is described. For this purpose a Gaussian-beam launcher is used to irradiate selectively the test-material at the particular position of interest; and a reflectometric bridge arrangement is used to measure the amplitude and phase of the reflected beam wave. Using the measured data and the theoretically formulated expression for the reflection coefficient, the real and the imaginary parts of the permittivity are computed. Results obtained by the present method for materials such as acrylic plastic, bakelite hylam, human skullbone (in vitro measurements on the occipital region) and for the midportion of the palm (in vivo measurement) are compared, with those results due to other methods. The suitability of this technique for noncontactin vivo andin vitro measurements of the permittivity in biological experiments is discussed.

Sommaire

Il décrit une technique non invasible d'exposition sélective (une certaine partie du corps) pour mesurer la constante diélectrique complexe de substances biologiques à des fréquences de microondes. Pour ce faire, on utilise un lanceur de rayons Gauss pour irradier le point d'intérêt particulier de la zone d'essai, tandis qu'un montage en pont réflectométrique sert à mesurer l'amplitude et la phase de l'onde-rayon réfléchie. Grâce aux données mesurées et à l'expression technique du coefficient de réflection, on calcule alors les parties imaginaires et réelles de la constante diélectrique. Les résultats obtenus par la méthode actuelle sur des matériaux tels plastique acrylique, hylam bakélite, os crânien humain (dimensions in vitro de la région occipitale) et sur la moitié de la paume (dimensions in vivo), sont comparés avec ceux obtenus par d'autres méthodes. On étudie les possibilités d'adaptation de cette technique aux mesures de la constante diélectrique d'expériences biologiques sans contact in vivo et in vitro.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird eine Methode zum unschädlichen, selektiven (teilweisen) Messen der komplexen Zulässigkeit biologischer Substanzen bei Mikrowellenfrequenzen beschrieben. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Gaußscher Strahlenwerfer zur selektiven Bestrahlung des Testmaterials an einer bestimmten Interessenstelle benutzt; zum Messen der Amplitude und Phase der reflektierten Strahlenwelle wird eine reflektometrische Brückenanordnung benutzt. Durch Verwendung der gemessenen Daten und des theoretisch formulierten Ausdrucks für den Reflektionskoeffizienten wird der echte und der imaginäre Teil der Zulässigkeit berechnet. Die Resultate der zur Zeit angewendeten Methode für Materialien wie z.B. Acrylplastik, Bakelithylam, menschlicher Schädelknochen (in vitro Messungen in der Hinterhauptgegend) und für die mittleren Teile der Handfläche (in vivo Messungen) werden mit den Resultaten anderer Methoden verglichen. Die Eignung dieser Methode für kontaktlosein vivo undin vitro Messungen der Zulässigkeit bei biologischen Experimenten wird diskutiert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Cheung, A. Y. andKopman, D. W. (1976) Experimental development of simulated biomaterials for dosimetry studies of hazardous microwave radiation.IEEE Trans. MTT-24, 669–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edrich, J. andHardee, P. C. (1975) Compex perimittivity and penetration depth of certain biological tissue between 40 to 90 GHz. Presented at the 1975 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Palo Alto, Cal, USA.

  • Foster, M. R. andWestphal, W. P. (1975) Dielectric measurements for the design of a phantom eye. Presented at the 1975 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Palo, Alto, Cal, USA.

  • Guy, A. W. (1971) Electromagnetic fields and relative heating pattern due to a rectangular aperture source in direct contact with bilayered biological tissue.IEEE Trans.,MTT-19, 214–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. F. (1963) Microwave engineering. Academic Press, New York, 235.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Neelakantaswamy, P. S., Banerjee, D. K., Gupta, K. K. (1977a) Near-field characteristics of a scalar horn-fed dielectric spherical radiator.Arch. Elektr. Ubertr.,31, 173–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neelakantaswamy, P. S., Gupta, K. K., andBanerjee, D. K. (1977b) A gaussian-beam launcher for microwave exposure studies.IEEE Trans.,MTT-25, 426–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ooya, T., Tateiba, M., andFukumitru, O. (1975) Transmission and reflection of a gaussian-beam at normal incidence on a dielectric slab.J. Opt. Soc. Am.,65, 537–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sucher, M. andFox, J. (1963)Microwave measurements, Vol. II, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 495–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, R. P., Ecker, H. A. andPopovic, V. P. (1971) Selective electromagnetic heating of tumours on animal in deep hypothermia.IEEE Trans.,MTT-19, 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Neelakantaswamy, P.S., Gupta, K.K. & Basavaraju, K. A non-invasive, partial-body exposure method for measuring the complex permittivity of biological substances at microwave frequencies. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 16, 419–424 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02442659

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02442659

Keywords

Navigation