Abstract
Genomic DNA samples, derived from a panel of 60 chimpanzees and 45 rhesus monkeys, were digested with the restriction enzymesTaq I andBgl II and hybridized with an HLA-DQ alpha chain cDNA probe. The results were compared with the data available on a human reference panel. Use of the restriction enzymeTaq I and the DQ alpha chain probe allows the detection of fiveHLA-DQA1 and twoHLA-DQA2 gene-associated fragments within the human population. For the ChLA and RhLA systems, 3 and 7 different DQA1-associated restriction patterns were detected, respectively, while for the chimpanzee a nonpolymorphicDQA2 (DX alpha) gene-associated fragment was also observed. The equivalent of theHLA- andChLA-DQA2 genes appears to be absent in the rhesus monkey. TheChLA-DQA1 and-DQA2 gene-associated RFLP patterns are identical in man and chimpanzee, whereas such restriction site conservation is not seen in the rhesus monkey. The conclusion drawn is that the genetic organization of theHLA-DQA andChLA-DQA gene regions, and possibly some of their allelic variabilities, already existed before man and chimpanzee separated in evolution. Moreover, the particular duplication which led to the generation of theHLA- andChLA-DQA2 genes must have happened before speciation of members belonging to the superfamily Hominoidea (man, chimpanzee, etc), but probably after the separation of superfamily Cercopitecoidea (rhesus monkeys, baboons, etc.) from Hominoidea.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amar, A., Radka, S. F., Holbeck, S. L., Kim, S. J., Nepom, B. S., Nelson, K., and Nepom, G. T.: Characterization of specificHLA-DQ alpha allospecificities by genomic, biochemical and serologic analysis.J Immunol 138: 3986–3990, 1987
Arden, B. and Klein, J.: Biochemical comparison of major histocompatibility complex molecules from different subspecies of Mus musculus: evidence for trans-specific evolution of alleles.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 2342–2346, 1982
Auffray, C., Korman, A. J. Roux-Dosetto, M., Bono, R., and Strominger, J. L.: cDNA clone for the heavy chain of the human B cell alloantigen DC1: strong sequence homology to theHLA-DR heavy chain.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 6337–6341, 1982
Auffray, C., Lillie, J. W., Arnot, D., Grossberger, D., Kappes, D., and Strominger, J. L.: Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen alpha chain genes.Nature 308: 327–333, 1984
Bakker, N. P. M., Van Erck, M., Zurcher, C., Faaber, P., Lemmens, A. J., Hazenberg, M. P., Bontrop, R. E., and Jonker, M.: Experimental immune mediated arthritis in rhesus monkeys: a model for human rheumatoid arthritis?Rheumatol Int, in press, 1989
Balner, H., Gabb, B. W., D’Amaro, J., van Vreeswijk, W., and Visser, T. P.: Evidence for two linked loci controlling the serologically defined leucocyte antigens of chimpanzees (ChL-A).Tissue Antigens 4: 313–328, 1974
Bontrop, R. E., Baas, E. J., Otting, N., Schreuder, G. M. T., and Giphart, M. J.: Molecular Diversity of HLA-DQ: DQ Alpha and Beta Chain Isoelectric Point Differences and Their Relation to Serologically Defined HLA-DQ Allospecificities.Immunogenetics 25: 305–312, 1987
Bontrop, R. E., Carpenter, C. B., Walford, R., Sekiguchi, S., Bignon, J. D., and Cohen, D.:DQ alpha/Taq I workshop report.In B. Dupont (ed.):Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I, in press, 1988
Figueroa, F., Günther, E., and Klein, J.: MHC polymorphism predating speciation.Nature 335: 265–267, 1988
Fultz, P. N., McClure, H. M., Swenson, R. B., McGrath, C. R., Brodie, A., Getchell, J. P., Jensen, F. C., Andersson, D. C., Broderson, J. R., and Francis, D. P.: Persistent infection of chimpanzees with human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus: a potential model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.J Virol 58: 116–124, 1985
Gyllensten, U. B. and Erlich, H. A.: Generation of single stranded DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and its application to direct sequencing of theHLA-DQA locus.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 7652–7656, 1988
Jonker, M. and Balner, H.: Current knowledge of theD/DR region of the major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees.Hum Immunol 1: 305–316, 1980
Jonker, M., van Meurs, G., and Balner, H.: Typing forRhLA-D in rhesus monkeys. II. Genetics of theD antigens and their association withDR antigens in a population of unrelated animals.Tissue Antigens 19: 69–78, 1982
Jonker, M., van Lambalgen, R., Mitchell, D. J., Durham, S. K., and Steinman, L.: Successful treatment of EAE in rhesus monkeys withMHC class II specific monoclonal antibodies.J Autoimm 1: 399–414, 1988
Jonsson, A., Hyldig-Nielsen, J., Servenius, B., Larhammar, G., Anderson, F., Jorgensen, F., Peterson, P., and Rask, L.: Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex: comparisons of theDQ andDX alpha and beta genes.J Biol Chem 262: 8701–8767, 1987
Klein, J.: Origin of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism: the transspecies hypothesis.Hum Immunol 3: 155–162, 1987
Knowles, R. W.: Assignment ofHLA-class II alpha and beta chain 2-D gel patterns for the workshop reference panel of B cell lines.In B. Dupont (ed.):Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I, in press, 1988
Lawlor, D. A., Ward, F. E., Ennis, D. E., Jackson, A. P., and Parham, P.:HLA-A and-B polymorphisms predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees.Nature 335: 268–271, 1988
Le Gall I., Marcadet, A., Font, M., Auffray, C., Strominger, J., Lalouel, J., Dausset, J., and Cohen, D.: Exurbant restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with the DQ alpha chain gene and the DX alpha chain gene.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5433–5436, 1985
Letvin, N. L., Daniel, M. D., Sehgal, P. K., Desrosiers, R. C., Hunt, R. D., Waldron, L. M., MacKey, J. J., Schmidt, D. K., Chalifoux, L. V., and King, N. W.: Induction of AIDS-like disease in Macaque monkeys with T-cell trophic retrovirus STLV-III.Science 230: 71–73, 1985
Marcadet, A., O’Connell, P., and Cohen, D.: Standardized Southern blot workshop technique.In B. Dupont (ed.):Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I, in press, 1988
Mayer, W. E., Jonker, M., Klein, D., Ivanyi, P., van Seventer, G., and Klein, J.: Nucleotide sequences of chimpanzee MHC class I alleles: evidence for trans-species mode of evolution.EMBO J 7: 2765–2774, 1988
Miyamoto, M. M., Koop, B. F., Sligthom, J. L., Goodman, M., and Tennant, M. R.: Molecular systematic of higher primates: genealogical relations and classification.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 7627–7631, 1988
Okada, K., Boss, J. M., Prentice, H., Spies, T., Mengler, R., Auffray, C., Lillie, J., Grossberger, D., and Strominger, J. L.: Gene organization of DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility complex.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 3410–3414, 1985
Roep, B. O., Bontrop, R. E., Pena, A. S., van Eggermond, M. C. J. A., van Rood, J. J., and Giphart, M. J.: An HLA-DQ alpha allele identified at DNA and protein level strongly associated with celiac disease.Hum Immunol 23: 271–279, 1988
Roger, J. H., van Vreeswijk, W., and Balner, H.: The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. XII. Current knowledge of DR and other B cell specific antigens.J Immunogenet 7: 333–347, 1980
Rosenshine, S., Cascino, I., Zeevi, A., Duquesnoy, R. J., and Trucco, M.: DQ α and β RFLP Reveals the Composition of the DQ Molecule Recognized by T-cell Clones.Immunogenetics 23: 187–196, 1986
Saiki, R. S., Bugawan, T. L., Horn, G. T., Mullis, K. B., and Erlich, H. A.: Analysis of enzymatically amplified β-globin and HLA-DQ α DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes.Nature 324: 163–165, 1986
Spielman, R. S., Lee, J. S., Bodmer, W. F., Bodmer, J. G., and Trowsdale, J.: SixHLA-D region alpha chain genes on human chromosome 6: polymorphisms and associations of DC alpha related sequences with DR types.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3461–3465, 1984
Tilanus, M. G. J., HongMing, F., van Eggermond, M. C. J. A., van de Bijl, M., D’Amaro, J., Schreuder, G. M. T., de Vries, R. R. P., and Giphart, M. J.: An overview of the restriction fragment length polymorphisms of theHLA-D region: its application to individualD-, DR-typing by computerized analyses.Tissue Antigens 28: 218–227, 1986
Tokunaga, K., Saueracker, G., Kay, P. H., Christiansen, F. T., Anand, R., and Dawkins, R. L.: Extensive deletions and insertions in different MHC supratypes detected by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.J Exp Med 168: 933–940, 1988
Trowsdale J., Lee, J., Grosveld, F., Bodmer, J., and Bodmer, W.: Sequences related to HLA-DR alpha chain on human chromosome 6: restriction enzyme polymorphism detected with DC alpha chain probes.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 1972–1976, 1983
Trucco, M. and Duquesnoy, R.: Polymorphisms of the HLA-DQ subregion.Immunol Today 7: 297–300, 1986
Van Vreeswijk, W., Roger, J. H., D’Amaro, J., and Balner, H.: The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys, RhL-A. VII. Identification of five new serologically defined antigens.Tissue Antigens 9: 17–30, 1977
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bontrop, R.E., Otting, N., Broos, L.A.M. et al. RFLP analysis of theHLA-, ChLA-, andRhLA-DQ alpha chain gene regions: Conservation of restriction sites during evolution. Immunogenetics 30, 432–439 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02421175
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02421175