Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bone loss in the Beagle tibia: Influence of age, weight, and sex

  • Published:
Calcified Tissue International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

In a cross-sectional study, 154 Beagles (79 males, 74 females) ranging in age from 14 to 187 months were measured for bone mineral, bone width, and mineral-to-width ratio on the distal shaft of the right tibia using a photon absorptiometer. The measurements were evaluated with regard to age, sex and body weight. The results indicate that males were heavier than females in body weight, with weight being reduced in the older animals of both sexes. When compared on an age basis, males had more mineral, a wider tibia, and a greater mineral-to-width ratio than females. The males and females reach their peak mineral, and mineral-to-width ratio at about 6 years of age and then decline. On a body weight basis, mineral, width and mineral-to-width ratio all increase with increasing body weight, with bone width being the least affected by changes in body weight. The values for females are less than those for males in all parameters with the greatest differences occurring at the greater weights. The only variance from these observations was the greater mineral-to-width ratio in the lighter females.

It is concluded that, when examining cortical bone, the Beagle is a model of age-related osteopenia, and body weight is an important consideration when explaining changes in bone mineral.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jee, W. S. S.: Bone structure. In A. C. Andersen (ed.): The Beagle as an experimental dog, pp. 162–188. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jaworski, Z. F. G., Lok, E.: The rate of osteoclastic bone erosion in haversian remodeling sites of adult dogs, Calcif. Tissue Res.10:103–112, 1972.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Frost, H. M.: Tetracycline-based histological analysis of bone remodeling, Calcif. Tissue Res.3:211–237, 1969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Parfitt, A. M.: The actions of parathyroid hormone on bone: relation to bone remodeling and turnover, calcium homeostasis, and metabolic bone disease. Part 1. Mechanisms of calcium transfer between blood and bone and their cellular basis: morphological and kinetic approaches to bone turnover, Metabolism25:809–844, 1976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Snyder, W. S., Cook, M. J., Nasset, E. S., Karhausen, L. R., Howells, G. P., Tipton, I. H.: Report of Task Group on Referance Man. ICRP Publication 23, pp. 62–79. Pergamon Press, New York, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  6. Henrikson, P., Lutwak, L., Krook, L., Skrogerboe, R., Kallfelz, F., Belanger, L. F., Marier, J. R., Shefy, B. E., Romanus, B., Hirsch, C.: Fluoride and nutritional osteoporosis: physicochemical data on bones from an experimental study in dogs, J. Nutr.100:631–642, 1970

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Goldman, M.: Skeletal mineralization. In A. C. Anderson (ed.): The Beagle as an Experimental Dog, pp. 216–225. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  8. Raisz, L. G.: Osteoporosis reexamined, Hosp. Prac. :107–120, 1971

  9. Goldsmith, N. F., Johnston, J. O., Picetti, G., Garcia, C.: Bone mineral in the radius and vertebral osteoporosis in the insured population, J. Bone Joint Surg.55-A:1276–1293, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barzel, U. S.: Osteoporosis II: An overview. In U. S. Barzel (ed.): Osteoporosis II, pp. 1–4. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cohn, S. H., Ellis, K. J., Wallach, S., Zanz, I., Atkins, H. L., Aloia, J. F.: Absolute and relative deficit in total-skeletal calcium and radial bone mineral in osteoporosis, J. Nucl. Med.15:428–435, 1974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Goldsmith, N. F., Johnston, J. O.: Mineralization of the bone in an insured population: correlation with reported fractures and other measures of osteoporosis, Int. J. Epidemiol.2:311–327, 1973

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mazess, R. B., Cameron, J. R.: Bone mineral content in normal U.S. whites. International Conference on Bone Mineral Measurement, Oct. 12–13, 1973, pp. 228–238

  14. Martin, R. K., Albright, J. A., Newsum, G. A.: Hindlimb densitometry in normal beagle dogs, using photon absorptiometry, A.J.R.131:545, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L.: Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Duxbury Press, North Scituate, Mass., 1978

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jee, W. S. S.: Age-related biology of the skeleton of carnivores and man. In: The Use of Carnivores as Models for Research on Aging. Committe on Animal Models for Research on Aging. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Assembly of Life Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1980

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jee, W. S. S., Kimmel, D. B., Hashimoto, E. G., Dell, R. B., Woodbury, L. A.: Quantitative studies of beagle lumbar vertebral bodies. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Bone Morphology, pp. 110–117. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, March 28–31, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  18. Amprino, R., Marotti, G.: A topographic quantitative study of bone formation and reconstruction. In H. J. J. Blackwood (ed.): Bone and Tooth Symposium, pp. 21–33. Macmillan Co., New York, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  19. Van Nguyen, V., Jowsey, J.: A study of bone formation in dogs of different metabolic states using autoradiographic visualization of45Ca. Acta Orthop. Scand.40:708–720, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  20. Aloia, J. F., Ellis, K., Zanzi, I., Cohn, S. H.: Photon absorptiometry and skeletal mass in the treatment of osteoporosis, J. Nucl. Med.16:196–199, 1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Catto, G. R. D., MacDonald, A. F., McIntosh, J. A. R., Macleod, M.: Hemodialysis therapy and changes in skeletal calcium, Lancet1:1150–1152, 1973

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Madsen, M.: Vertebral and peripheral bone mineral content by photon absorptiometry, Invest. Radiol.12:185–188, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wilson, C. R.: Bone mineral content of the femoral neck and spine versus the radius and ulna, J. Bone Joint Surg.59-A:665–672, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  24. Trotter, M., Broman, G. E., Peterson, R. R.: Densities of bones of white and negro skeletons, J. Bone Joint Surg.42-A:50–58, 1960

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Aitken, J. M., Hart, D. M., Lindsay, R., Anderson, J. B., Smith, D. A., Wilson, G. M.: Prevention of bone loss following oophorectomy in premenopausal women, Isr. J. Med. Sci.12:607–614, 1976

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chestnut C. H., III, Nelp, W. B., Baylink, D. J., Denny, J. D.: Effect of methandrostenolone on post-menopausal bone wasting as assessed by changes in total bone mineral mass, Metabolism26:267–276, 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Dalen, N., Bertil, L., Wallgren, A.: Bone-mineral losses in oophorectomized women, J. Bone Joint Surg.56A:1235–1238, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dequeker, J., Burssens, A., Creytens, G., Bouillon, R.: Aging of bone: its relation to osteoporosis and osteoarthroses in postmenapausal women, Front. Horm. Res.3:116–130, 1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Heaney, R. P.: Estrogens and post-menopausal osteoporosis, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol.19:791–803, 1976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Marshall, D. H., Horsman, A., Nordin, B. E. C.: The prevention and management of post-menopausal osteoporosis, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. [Suppl.]65:49–56, 1977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Meema, S., Meema, E.: Menopausal bone loss and estrogen replacement, Isr. J. Med. Sci.12:601–606, 1976

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Horsman, A., Gallagher, J. C., Simpson, M., Nordin, B. E. C.: Prospective trial of oestrogen and calcium in postmenopausal women, Br. Med. J.2(6090):789–792, 1977

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nordin, B. E. C., Horsman, A., Brook, R., Williams, D. A.: The relationship between oestrogen status and bone loss in post-menopausal women, Clin. Endocrinol. [Suppl.]5:353–361, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  34. Riggs, B. L., Jowsey, J., Kelly, P. J., Arnaud, C. D.: Role of hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis, Isr. J. Med. Sci.12:615–619, 1976

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vaughan, C. C.: Rehabilitation in postmenopausal osteoporosis, Isr. J. Med. Sci.12:7, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  36. Lindsay, R., Hart, D. M., Manolagas, S., Anderson, D. C., Coutts, J. R. T., Maclean, A.: Sex steroids in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In U.S. Barzel (ed.): Osteoporosis II, pp. 161–181. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  37. Nordin, B. E. C., Horsman, A., Marshall, D. H., Hanes, F., Jakeman, W.: The treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. In U. S. Barzel (ed.): Osteoporosis II, pp. 183–203. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  38. Siri, W. E.: The gross composition of the body, Adv. Biol. Med. Phys.4:239–280, 1956

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cohn, S. H., Ellis, K. J., Goldsmith, N. F.: Validity of the absorptiometric measurement of bone mineral content of the radius, A.J.R.126:1286–1287, 1976

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Iowa, College of Medicine and V.A. Hospital, 52242, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    R. K. Martin & J. P. Albright

  2. Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, College of Medicine and V.A. Hospital, 52242, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    W. R. Clarke

  3. Department of Radiobiology Division, Department of Pharmacology, University of Utah, 84113, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    W. S. S. Jee & G. N. Taylor

Authors
  1. R. K. Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. P. Albright
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. S. S. Jee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. N. Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W. R. Clarke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martin, R.K., Albright, J.P., Jee, W.S.S. et al. Bone loss in the Beagle tibia: Influence of age, weight, and sex. Calcif Tissue Int 33, 233–238 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02409442

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02409442

Key words

Search

Navigation