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Computer simulation of the mechanically-assisted failing canine circulation

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Abstract

A model of the cardiovascular system is presented. The model includes representations of the left and right ventricles, a nonlinear multielement model of the aorta and its main branches, and lumped models of the systemic veins and the pulmonary circulation. A simulation of the intra-aortic balloon pump and representations of physiological compensatory mechanisms are also incorporated in the model. Parameters of the left ventricular model were set to simulate either the normal or failing canine circulation. Pressure and flow waveforms throughout the circulation as well as ventricular pressure and volume were calculated for the normal, failing, and assisted failing circulation. Cardiac oxygen supply and consumption were calculated from the model. They were used as direct indices of cardiac energy supply and utilization to assess the effects of cardiac assistance.

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Abbreviations

A m :

vessel cross-sectional area atm mmHg

E :

ventricular pressure-volume ratio

E max :

maximum value ofE

E n :

normalizedE function

E w :

vessel wall elastance

P :

blood pressure

P AV0 :

unperturbed mean aortic root pressure

P AV :

mean aortic root pressure

P im :

intramyocardial pressure

P LV :

left ventricular pressure

P VL :

pressure across aortic valve

P V :

systemic venous blood pressure

PVA :

pressure-volume area

P W :

transmural pressure

Q :

flow

Q LV :

left ventricular flow

Q r :

net flow into a vessel segment

Q VL :

flow into aortic valve leaflets

r b :

radius of a balloon segment

r n :

radius of a vessel segment

TCF :

total coronary flow per beat

t ED :

time of end diastole

t ES :

time of end systole

t max :

time whenE equalsE max

t n :

normalized time

V ED :

end diastolic ventricular pressure

V Oa :

oxygen availability per beat

V Oc :

oxygen consumption per beat

V s :

venous volume shift

V VL :

aortic valve volume

η:

blood viscosity

ρ:

blood density

τ:

time constant

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering Program Department of Interdisciplinary Studies School of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Ofer Barnea

  2. Biomedical Engineering and Science Institute, Drexel University, 19104, Philadelphia, PA

    Thomas W. Moore & Dov Jaron Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Ofer Barnea
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  2. Thomas W. Moore
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  3. Dov Jaron Ph.D.
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Additional information

This work was supported in part by Grant No. EET-8620120 from the National Science Foundation.

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Barnea, O., Moore, T.W. & Jaron, D. Computer simulation of the mechanically-assisted failing canine circulation. Ann Biomed Eng 18, 263–283 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02368442

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02368442

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