Skip to main content
Log in

Influence of heated and nonheated partially hydrogenated dietary fats on ileal chyme fat and fatty acid composition of ileal mucosa in pigs

  • Intestinal Disorders, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Immunology, And Microbiology
  • Published:
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study the effects of partially hydrogenated chemically processed fats (CPF) and non-CPF on the ileal chyme fat and the fatty acid (FA) profile of the ileal mucosa and the subcutaneous tissue were analyzed. Samples were collected via an ileocutaneous fistula. For three months pigs were fed a control meal or diets containing either non-CPF high on 16:0, non-CPF high on 18:2 n6, CPF with 50%trans-18:1 or 20%trans-18:1. The latter fat was used after heat treatment. With both CPF diets, the fat content in the ileal chyme was three times higher than with non-CPF. In contrast to subcutaneous tissue reflecting dietary composition, changes in FA profile of ileal mucosa were restricted. Each non-CPF resulted in an increase of the characteristic major dietary FA. Both CPF increased the mucosaltrans-FA percentage from 0 to 12% on average, although dietary composition was different. This study suggests: (1) less effects oftrans-FA on the regulation of intraluminal fat load compared to saturated andcis-polyunsaturated FA, and (2) higher mucosal incorporation oftrans-FA with heated CPF. This may play a role in the development of epithelial lesions in the ileum, which are known following ingestion of these fats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hill EG, Johnson SB, Lawson LD, Mahfouz MM, Holman RT: Perturbation of the metabolism of essential fatty acids by dietary partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79:953–957, 1982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Thomson ABR, Keelan M, Garg ML, Clandinin MT: Influence of dietary fat composition on intestinal absorption in the rat. Lipids 24:494–501, 1989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Clandinin MT, Cheema S, Field CJ, Garg ML, Venkatraman J, Clandinin TR: Dietary fat: exogenous determination of membrane structure and cell function. FASEB J 5:2761–2769, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Li DF, Thaler RC, Nelssen JL, Harmon DL, Allee GL, Weeden TL: Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology. J Anim Sci 68:3694–3704, 1990

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kvietys PR, Specian RD, Grisham MB, Tso P: Jejunal mucosal injury and restitution: role of hydrolytic products of food digestion. Am J Physiol 261:G384-G391, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Holman RT, Pusch F, Svingen B, Dutton HJ: Unusual isomeric polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver phospholipids of rats fed hydrogenated oil. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:4830–4834, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wood R: Distribution of dietary geometrical and positional isomers in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, adipose, and hepatoma.In Geometrical and Positional Fatty Acid Isomers. EA Emken, HJ Dutton (eds). Champaign, The American Oil Chemists' Society, 1979, pp 213–281

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ohlrogge JB, Gully RM, Emken EA: Occurrence of octadecenoic acid isomers from hydrogenated fats in human tissue lipid classes. Lipids 17:551–557, 1982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Watkins BA: Influences of biotin deficiency and dietary trans-fatty acids on tissue lipids in chickens. Br J Nutr 61:99–111, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  10. Banni S, Salgo MG, Evans RW, Corongiu FP, Lombardi B: Conjugated diene and trans fatty acids in tissue lipids of rats fed an hepatocarcinogenic choline-devoid diet. Carcinogene 11:2053–2057, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  11. Tung BS, Unger ER, Levin B, Brasitus TA, Getz GS: Use of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to modify the lipid composition and function of mitochondrial membranes. J Lipid Res 32:1025–1038, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kummerow FA: Effects of isomeric fats on animal tissue, lipid classes, and atherosclerosis.In Geometrical and Positional Fatty Acid Isomers. EA Emken, HJ Dutton (eds). Champaign, The American Oil Chemists' Society, 1979, pp 151–179

    Google Scholar 

  13. McElhaney RN, Gier J, van Deenen LLM: The effect of alterations in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content on the permeability ofMycoplasma laidlawii B cells and derived lipocromes. Biochim Biophys Acta 219:245–247, 1970

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Vandenhoff G, Gunstone FD, Barve J, Lands WEM: Inhibition of growth of microbial mutants by trans-octadecenoates. J Biol Chem 250:8720–8727, 1975

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Perkins RG, Scott RE: Plasma membrane phospholipid, cholesterol and fatty acid composition of differentiated and undifferentiated L6 myoblasts. Lipids 13:334–337, 1978

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Heckers H, Melcher FW, Kamenisch W, Henneking K: Chemisch aufbereitetes Fett und Morbus Crohn. Eine Pilotstudie zum Vorkommen von trans-Fettsäuren im Unterhautfettgewebe von Crohn-Patienten im Vergleich mit gesunden Kontrollen als Parameter des Langzeitfettverzehrs. Z Gastroenterol 26:259–264, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Thomas LH, Winter JA, Scott RG: Concentration oftrans-unsaturated fatty acids in the adipose body tissue of decendents dying of ischaemic heart diseases compared with controls. J Epidemiol Community Health 37:22–24, 1983

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Enig MG, Munn RJ, Keey M: Dietary fats and cancer trends—a critique. Fed Proc 37:2215–2220, 1978

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nagel E, Guthy E, Schattenfroh S, Pichlmayr R: Ultrastructural abnormalities in swine ileum induced by high dietary fat intake resemble those seen in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 94:A1526, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nagel E, Pichlmayr R: Animal experiments in inflammatory bowel diseases.In Animal Modelling in Surgical Research. B Jeppson (ed). Stuttgart, Thieme (in press)

  21. Nagel E, Bühner S, Körber J, Canzler H, Pichlmayr R: Experimental studies on dietary aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases.In Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Progress in Basic Research and Clinical Implications. H Goebell, K Ewe, H Malchow, CH Koelbel (eds). Lancaster, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991, p 421

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kunstýr I: Diagnostic microbiology for laboratory animals: Viruses, bacteria,Chlamydia, fungi, parasites. Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  23. Latymer EA, Low AG, Fadden K, Sambrook IE, Woodley SC, Keal HD: Measurement of transit time of digesta through sections of gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed with diets containing various sources of dietary fibre (non-starch polysaccharides). Arch Anim Nutr Berlin 40:667–680, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pardun H: Analyse der Fette und Fettbegleitstoffe.In Handbuch der Lebensmittelchemie. L Acker, K-G Bergner, W Diemair, F Kiermeier, JG Schormueller, SW Souci (eds). Berlin, Springer, 1969, pp 404–1087

    Google Scholar 

  25. Moberg S: Gastric emptying and duodenal digestion before and after gastrectomy and selective proximal vagotomy. Scand J Gastroenterol 9(suppl 24):3–39, 1974

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gregory PC, Rayner V, Wenham G: The influence of intestinal infusion of fats on small intestinal motility and digesta transit in pigs. J Physiol 379:27–37, 1986

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hunt JN, Knox MT: Regulation of gastric emptying.In Handbook of Physiology—Alimentary Canal. CF Code (ed). Washington, DC, American Physiological Society, 1968, pp 1917–1935

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dauvillier P, de Haas GH, von Deenen LLM, Raulin J: Mode d'action de la phospholipase A au venin de serpent sur les substrats élaidisés. CR Acad Sci 259:4857–4865, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  29. Nolen GA, Alexander JC, Artman NR: Long-term rat feeding study with used frying fats. J Nutr 93:337–348, 1967

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Giani E, Masi I, Galli C: Heated fat, vitamin E and vascular eicosanoids. Lipids 20:439–448, 1985

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gompertz SM, Sammons HG: The relation between the composition of the fatty acids in the diet and in faeces. Biochem J 80:30, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  32. Emken EA, Dutton HJ, Ronwedder WK, Rakoff H, Adlof RO, Gully RM, Canary JJ: Distribution of deuterium-labeledcis- andtrans-12-octadecenoic acid in human plasma and lipoprotein lipids. Lipids 15:864–871, 1980

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Emken EA, Adlof RO, Rohwedder WK, Gully RM: Incorporation of deuterium-labeledtrans- andcis-13-octadecenoic acids in human plasma lipids. J Lipid Res 24:34–46, 1983

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sammons HG: Factors affecting faecal composition—a comparison of ileal discharge and faeces. Biochem J 80:30–31, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gibson RA, McMurchie EJ, Charnock JS, Kneebone GM: Homeostatic control of membrane fatty acid composition in the rat after dietary lipid treatment. Lipids 19:942–951, 1984

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Beare-Rogers JL: Partially hydrogenated rapeseed and marine oils.In Geometrical and Positional Fatty Acid Isomers. EA Emken, HJ Dutton (eds). Champaign, The American Oil Chemists' Society, 1979, pp 131–145

    Google Scholar 

  37. Duranthon V, Frémont L, Léger CL: Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on lipid composition of basolateral plasma membrane of pig intestinal mucosal cells. Lipids 26:175–181, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Garg ML, Keelan M, Wierzbicki A, Thomson ABR, Clandinin MT: Regional differences in lipid composition and incorporation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into microsomal membranes of rat small intestine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 66:794–800, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gangel A, Kornouth W, Mlczoch J, Slum O, Klose B: Different metabolism of saturated and unsaturated long chain plasma free fatty acids by intestinal mucosa of rats. Lipids 15:75–79, 1980

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Esterbauer H: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of lipid oxidation products. Am J Clin Nutr 57(suppl 5):779–785, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mahfouz MM, Johnson S, Holman RT: Inhibition of desaturation of palmitic, linoleic, and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acidsin vitro by isomeric cis- octadecenoic acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 663:58–68, 1981

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Rogel AM, Watkins BA: Liver subcellular fatty acid profiles of chicks fed diets containing hydrogenated fats and varying linoleate levels. Lipids 22:637–642, 1987

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bühner S, Nagel E, Körber J, Vogelsang H, Linn T, Pichlmayr R: Ileal and colonic fatty acid profiles in patients with active Crohn's disease. Gut 1994 (in press)

  44. Roediger WEW: A new hypothesis for the aetiology of Crohn's disease—evidence from lipid metabolism and intestinal tuberculosis. Postgrad Med J 67:666–671, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schaft, grant NA 184/1-2.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bühner, S., Nagel, E., Stockhorst, H. et al. Influence of heated and nonheated partially hydrogenated dietary fats on ileal chyme fat and fatty acid composition of ileal mucosa in pigs. Digest Dis Sci 40, 338–345 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02065419

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02065419

Key words

Navigation