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Differences in pathogenesis observed among susceptible interactions of carnation with four races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi

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Abstract

Susceptible interactions of ‘Early Sam’ carnations with races 1,2,4, and 8 ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi differed in pathogenesis, both after stem and after root inoculation. Race 1 induced pallescence and withering of leaves. Affected vascular tissue had a uniform pallid to pale brown colour; though heavily colonized, it was not or virtually not degraded. Defence reactions developed only slowly. Race 2 induced yellowing, of the midribs in particular, and withering of leaves. Affected vascular tissue was white with dark brown margins. Colonized tissue was degraded to leave vascular cavities. At lower heights of colonization, many defence reactions developed, which sometimes resulted in localization of the pathogen. Race 4 induced a similar pathogenesis as race 2, except for less intensive defence reactions. Race 8 induced midrib lesions on, and pallescence, withering and necrosis of leaves. Affected vascular tissue had a uniform light brown colour. Degradation of colonized vascular tissues was rare; instead, many defence reactions were observed, even at high heights in the plants.

Races 1, 2 and 4 ofF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi did not induce disease symptoms in ‘Novada’ carnations, known to be highly resistant to race 2. Stem-inoculated plants localized the infection close to the inoculation site; stems of root-inoculated plants remained unaffected. The localization response also occurred in ‘Early Sam’ and ‘Novada’ carnations stem-inoculated withF. oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici.

Samenvatting

Tussen interacties van ‘Early Sam’-anjers met fysio's 1, 2, 4 en 8 vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi werden verschillen in ziekteontwikkeling gevonden na wortel-zowel als stengelinoculatie. Fysio 1 gaf verbleking en verdroging van de bladeren. Aangetast vaatweefsel was gelijkmatig vaal of lichtbruin van kleur, en werd hevig gekoloniseerd, maar vrijwel niet afgebroken. Afweerreacties kwamen slechts traag op gang. Fysio 2 gaf vergeling, in het bijzonder van de hoofdnerven, en verdroging van de bladeren. Aangetast vaatweefsel was wit met donkerbruine randen. Gekoloniseerd weefsel werd afgebroken, hetgeen leidde tot de vorming van holten in het vaatweefsel. In de lagere gekoloniseerde delen traden veel afweerreacties op, hetgeen soms lokalisatie van het pathogeen tot gevolg had. Fysio 4 gaf eenzelfde ziekteontwikkeling als fysio 2, maar minder afweerreacties. Fysio 8 gaf lesies bij de hoofdnerven, en verbleking, verdroging en necrose van bladeren. Aangetast vaatweefsel was gelijkmatig lichtbruin van kleur. Afbraak van gekoloniseerd vaatweefsel werd zelden waargenomen; veel afweerreacties vergezelden de kolonisatie tot hoog in de stengel.

Inoculatie van ‘Novada’ anjers met fysio's 1,2 en 4 vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi had geen ziektesymptomen tot gevolg. Via de stengel geïnoculeerde planten lokaliseerden de infectie ter hoogte van het inoculatiepunt; de stengels van via de wortels geïnoculeerde planten waren onaangetast. De lokalisatiereactie trad ook op in ‘Early Sam’ en ‘Novada’ anjers na inoculatie via de stengel metf. oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici.

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Baayen, R.P., Elgersma, D.M., Demmink, J.F. et al. Differences in pathogenesis observed among susceptible interactions of carnation with four races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94, 81–94 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01998398

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