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Pathogenic mechanisms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

  • Virology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) show chronic arthritis and cachexia, which are progressive in nature. The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for these progressive clinical symptoms have not been fully elucidated. Various haematological and immunological parameters were evaluated in experimentally-infected goats showing typical signs of CAEV-induced disease. Infected goats showed recurrent lymphocytosis that may be due to constant presentation of antigen by infected cells of a monocyte/macrophage lineage. The serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase concentrations were elevated in infected goats, a characteristic of hepatic and bone disorders. All other serum chemistry parameters were similar between infected and control goats. Importantly, the serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were higher in infected goats. The cachexia seen in infected goats may be at least partly due to altered metabolism as a result of prolonged elevation of serum TNF-α levels. Depressed natural killer cell activity was observed in infected goats and may contribute towards the establishment of a persistent infection with CAEV.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

CAEV:

caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

GGT:

γ-glutamyl transferase

HBSS:

Hanks' balanced salt solution

HIV:

human immunodeficiency virus

NK:

natural killer

PBMC:

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

SAP:

serum alkaline phosphatase

TNF:

tumour necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 36088, Alabama, USA

    E. G. Mdurvwa & P. G. Reddy

  2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 36088, Alabama

    P. O. Ogunbiyi & H. S. Gakou

Authors
  1. E. G. Mdurvwa
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  2. P. O. Ogunbiyi
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  3. H. S. Gakou
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  4. P. G. Reddy
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Mdurvwa, E.G., Ogunbiyi, P.O., Gakou, H.S. et al. Pathogenic mechanisms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Vet Res Commun 18, 483–490 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01839425

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