Summary
The cytology ofCardamine pratensis (2n=30) is described. One or two multivalent chromosome associations and a high frequency of secondary association are found. The occurrnce of a pair of chromosomes approximately twice as long as any of the remainder suggests that chromosome fusion in a normal tetrapooid form with 32 chromosomes, or in one of the diploid progenitors ofC. pratensis has given rise to this hypo-tetrapoid specis with 4x−2 chromosomes.
The chromosomes number ofCardamine amar (2n=16) andC. asarifolia (2n=14) are confirmed.
The cytology ofVerbascum phoeniceum (2n=18) is described. No multivalent associations are found and the frequency of secondary association is lower than inC. pratensis.
The observations ofCardamine andVerbscuum confirm and extend the theory of secondary associatoon (Lawrence 1931) which provides a measure of chromosome affinities more remote than those expressed by primary association. It is also shown that the frequencies of multivalent and secondary associations may provide an indication of the relative ages of species.
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Lawrence, W.J.C. The chromosome constitution of Cardamine pratensis and Verbascum phoeniceum. Genetica 13, 183–208 (1931). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01725043
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01725043