Skip to main content
Log in

The effects of vital dyes on living organisms with special reference to Methylene Blue and Neutral Red

  • Review
  • Published:
The Histochemical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Augustinsson, K. (1950). Methylene blue as an inhibitor of acetyl-choline-esterase.Acta chem. scand. 4, 536–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, G. H. (1927). Studies onParamecium. III. The effects of vital dyes onParamecium caudatum. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole 52, 68–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa, P. &Peters, T. M. (1970). Dye-induced changes in the development ofAedes aegypti larvae.Ent. Exp. appl. 13, 293–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, E. S. G. (1929). The effect of methylene blue on the oxygen consumption of the eggs of sea urchin and starfish. The mechanism of action of methylene blue on living cells.J. biol. Chem. 81, 445–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, E. S. G. &Hamburger, M. Jr. (1932) The effect of cyanide upon the catalytic action of dyes on cellular oxygen consumption.J. biol. Chem. 96, 299–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodine, J. H. &Fitzgerald, L. R. (1949). The effects of methylene blue and urethane upon the oxygen uptake of embryonic cells.Physiol. Zool. 22, 283–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouffard, G. (1906). Injection des couleurs de benzidine aux animaux normaux.Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris 20, 539–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradway, W. (1936). The experimental alteration of the rate of metamorphosis in the tunicateClavelina huntsmani.J. exp. Zool. 72, 213–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. D. &Nemchinskaia, V. L. (1958). The reaction of adenosine triphosphate with dyes.Biochimiya 23, 340–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brice, M. (1959) Toxicité des colorants métachromatiques pour l'œuf d'étoil de mer.Archs Biol. paris 70, 121–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, M. M. (1933). methylene blue as an antidote to CO poisoning.Am. J. Physiol. 104, 139–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, M. M. (1947). Activation of eggs by oxidation-reduction indicatiors.Science 106, 320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, C. H. (1968). Reactions of small mammals to vital dyes.Can. Ent. 100, 476–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H. T. (1946). Studies on the use of fluorescent dyes for markingAnopheles quadrimaculatus Say.Mosquito News 6, 122–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevone, B. I. &Peters, T. M. (1969). Retardation of larval development ofAedes aegypti (L.) by the vital dye, nile blue sulfate (A.)Mosquito News 29, 243–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Child, C. M. (1950). Differential inhibition and modification of echinoderm development by methylene blue.Physiol. Zool. 23, 269–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Churchman, J. W. (1926). Inhibitory properties of anilin dyes.Stain Technol. 1, 27–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. M. (1953). The mutagenic activity of dyes inDrosophila melanogaster.Am. Nat. 87, 295–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conn, H. J. (1933).History of Staining. Commission on Standardization of Biological Stains, Geneva, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conn, H. J. (1961).Biological Stains, 7th Ed. Baltimore Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conn, H. J. &Cunningham, R. S. (1932). History of staining. The use of dyes as vital stains.Stain Technol. 7, 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dam, H. (1957). Influence of antioxidants and redox substances on signs of vitamin E deficiency.Pharmac. Rev. 9, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, J. (1955). Influence du bleu de méthylene sur deux générations successives de Drosophiles.C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris 241, 116–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dabid, J. (1963). Les effets physiologiques de l'intoxication par le bleu de méthylene sur la Drosophile.Bull. Biol. France Belgique 97, 515–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. E., Emlen, J. T. Jr. &Stokes, A. W. (1948). Studies on home range in the brown rat.J. Mammal. 29, 207–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, A. &Coker, C. M. (1951). Notes on marking live fish with biological stains.Copeia 1, 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, W. F. (1921). Feeding dyestuffs to silkworms.Text. World 60, 1111–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajer, A. (1957). Effects of methylene blue added to a low fat diet in the mouse.Nature, Lond. 180, 1054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feder, H. m. (1955). The use of vital stains in marking Pacific coast starfish.Calif. Fish and Game 41, 245–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fizhenko, N. V. &Braun, A. D. (1967). O kharatere ingibirovani ya fermentovosnovnymi krasitelyami.Tsitologiya 9, 1144–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fort, M. & Lloyd, L. L. (1917).The Chemistry of Dyestuffs. Cambridge University Press.

  • Frankston, J. E. (1940). The photodynamic action of neutral red onTrituris viridescens viridescens.J. exp. Zool. 83, 161–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gast, R. T. &Landin, M. (1966). Adult boll weevils and eggs marked with dye fed in larval diet.J. econ. Ent. 59, 474–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach, J. (1858).Mikroskopische Studien aus dem Gebiet der menschlicher Morphologie. Erlangen.

  • Gierke, H. (1884, 1885). Farberei zu mikroskopischen, Zwecken.Z. wiss. Mikros. 1, 62–100, 372–408, 497–557;2, 13–36, 164–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, E. E. (1909). Die aussere und innere sekretion des gesunden und kranken organismus im lichte der vitalen farbung.Beitr. z. Klin. Chir., Tubingen,64, 192–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomba, SZ. Szokoly, V. &Soltesz, B. M. (1966). The effect of basic vital dyes on the acid phosphatase activity of the granulated juxtaglomerular cells.Experientia 23, 422–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grembergen, G. Van 1949. Le métabolisme respiratoire du Trématode.Enzymologia 13, 241–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grew, N. (1682).The Anatomy of Vegetables. London: White.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, E. (1960).Encyclopaedia of Microscopic Stains Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, E. (1965).The Rational Use of Dyes in Biology. London: Leonard Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haley, T. J. &Leitch, J. L. (1953). Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of toluidine blue and related antiheparin dyes.Archs int. Pharmacodyn. Thér. 93, 341–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrell, E. A. & Snow, J. W. (1968). A rapid method of marking corn earworm moths with dyes for release studies. U.S.D.A., A.R.S. Circ. No. 42-149, pp. 1–6.

  • Harris, J. E., Gruber, L. &Hoskinson, G. (1958). The effect of methylene blue and certain other dyes on cation transport and hydration of rabbit lens.Am. J. Ophthalmol. 47, 387–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, I. F. &Henderson, W. D. (1963).Dictionary of Biological Terms. New York: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heron, R. J. (1968). Vital dyes as markers for behavioral and population studies of the larch sawfly.Can. Ent. 100, 470–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. (1770).The Construction of Timber from its Earliest Growth, London: White.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, W. C. &French, R. W. (1926). The oxidation products of methylene blue.Stain Technol. 1, 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, W. H. (1962). Dye-induced early hatching of brown trout eggs.N.Y. Fish and Game J. 9, 137–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kindel, F. (1960). Uses of dyes to mark ruminant feces.J. Wildl. Magmt. 24, 429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koehring, V. (1930). The neutral-red reaction.J. Morph. Physiol. 49, 45–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kojima, M. K. (1960). Acceleration of the cleavage of sea urchin eggs by vital staining with neutral red.Expl Cell Res. 20, 565–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolyer, J. M. (1966). Vital staining ofColias philodice andC. eurytheme.J. Res. Lep. 5, 137–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, A. P., Scribner, E. J. &Mecracken, T. (1940). The photodynamic inactivation of phage precursor by methylene blue.J. gen. Physiol. 23, 705–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawler, G. H. &Fitz-Earle, M. (1968). Marking small fish with stains for estimating populations in Heming Lake, Manitoba.J. Fish Res. Bd, Can. 25, 255–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, F. T. (1942). The introduction of biological stains: employment of saffron by Vieussens and Leeuwenhoek.Anat. Rec. 83, 229–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeb, H. A. (1963). Side effects of sudan black B on carp and mass marking of trout with this dye.N.Y. Fish and Game J. 10, 229–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loosanoff, V. L. &Davis, H. C. (1947). Staining of oyster larvae as a method for studies of their movements and distribution.Science 106, 597–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, W. F. (1955). Synergism and antagonism in the induction of metamorphosis ofBugula larvae by neutral red dye.Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole 109, 82–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcclung, C. E. (1929).Handbook of Microscopical Technique. New York: Paul B. Hoeber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, L. &Smythe, C. V. (1936). Influence of certain dyestuffs on fermentation and respiration of yeast extract.J. biol. Chem. 113, 717–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagai, S. (1959). Induction of the respiration deficient mutation in yeast by various synthetic dyes.Science 130, 1188–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagai, S. (1962). Dual effect of neutral red in inducing respiration deficient mutants in yeast.Expl Cell Res. 27, 599–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • New, J. G. (1958). Dyes for studying the movements of small mammals.J. Mammal. 39, 416–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noland, J. L. &Baumann, C. A. (1949). Effects of certain azo dyes upon the cockroachBlatella germanica (L.).Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med.,71, 365–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okuda, T. &Grollman, A. (1966). Action of neutral red on the secretion of glucagon and glucose metabolism in the rat.Endocrinology 78, 195–203.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orlob, G. B. (1962). Photodynamic inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus.Phytopathology 52, 757.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palm, N. B. (1952). Storage and excretion of vital dyes in insects with special regard to trypan blue.Ark. Zool. Stockholm Series 113, 195–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, T. M. &Chevone, B. I. (1968). MarkingCulex pipiens (L.) larvae with vital dyes for larval ecological studies.Mosquito News 28, 24–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petroff, S. A. &Gump, W. S. (1935). Bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal studies of various dyes and allied compounds.J. Lab. clin. Med. 20, 689–798.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, W. C., Brookman, B. &Hammon, W. Mcd. (1948) Studies on the flight range of certainCulex mosquitoes using a fluorescent dye marker, with notes onCuliseta andAnopheles.Mosquito News 8, 61–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumke, C. L. &Gaarenstroom, J. H. (1955). The effect of methylene blue on carbohydrate metabolism.Acta physiol. pharmac. néerl. 4, 298–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabin, F. R. (1921). Studies on blood. The vitally stainable granules as a specific criterion for erythroblasts and the differentiation of the three stains of the white blood cells as seen in the living chick's yolk-sac.Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 32 314–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandow, A. &Isaacson, A. (1960). Effects of methylene blue, acridine orange and zinc on muscular contraction.Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 2, 455–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidorenko, P. G. &Stepura, G. S. (1967). Osobenost kul'tury tkanei tastenii pri vyrashchivanii na sredakh.Tsitologiya 9, 459–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slifer, E. (1949). Changes in certain of the grasshopper egg coverings during development as indicated by fast green and other dyes.J. exp. Zool. 110, 183–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, J. L. (1950). Inhibition by methylene blue of oxidation, oxidative assimilation and adaptive enzyme formation by micro-organisms.Bact. Proc. 1950, 119–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolarksy, F. &Haley, T. J. (1951). Acute and chronic toxicity of toluidine blue and neutral red.Fed. Proc. 10, 337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennent, D. H. (1935). Investigations on the photodynamic properties of vital dyes.Carnegie Inst. Wash. Proc. 34, 91–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • I'ung, T. (1935). Photodynamic action of methylene blue on bacteria.Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 33, 328–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, F. P. &Closson, O. F. (1905). The physiological behavior of methylene blue and methylene azure: contribution to the study of the oxidation and reduction processes in the animal organism.Am. J. Physiol. 13, 358–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vail, P. V., Howland, A. F. &Henneberry, T. J. (1966). Fluorescent dyes for mating and recovery studies with cabbage looper moths.J. econ. Ent. 59, 1093–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, A. A. (1937). Starfish stains.Science 86, 64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vialpando, A. B., Struck, H. C. &Hoebelheinrich, L. H. (1952). Comparison of DFP and methylene blue-induced anemias.Fed. Proc. 11, 167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wave, H. E., Henneberry, T. J. &Mason, H. C. (1963). Fluorescent biological stains as markers forDrosophila.J. econ. Ent. 56, 890–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weatherbee, A. A. &Hassell, P. G. (1938). On the recovery of stain in adults developing from Anopheline larvae stainedin vitro.Am. J. trop. Med. 18, 531–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherbee, D. K., Coppinger, R. P., Wentworth, B. C. &Walsh, R. E. (1964). Antifecundity effects of Sudan Black B and transovarian intravital staining in avian populations.Univ. of Mass. Expt. Sta. Bull. 543, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wislocki, G. B. (1917). The staining of amphibian larvae with benzidine dyes with especial reference to the behavior of the lymphatic epithelium.Am. J. Physiol. 42, 124–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voshida, Y., Ohashi, T., Takano, K., Maekawa, N., Toyoda, N., Hujimoto, R., Yamamoto, K., Iwata, S., Ito, H. &Mikami, Y. (1957). Visceral malformations produced by vital dyes, janus green, trypan blue, and methylene blue in amphibian embryos.Mie. Med. J. 7, 273–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacharuk, R. Y. (1963). Vital dyes for marking living elaterid larvae.Can. J. Zool. 41, 991–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zorzoli, A. (1946). Effects of vital dyes on early development of the amphibian embryo.Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 63, 565–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Barbosa, P., Peters, T.M. The effects of vital dyes on living organisms with special reference to Methylene Blue and Neutral Red. Histochem J 3, 71–93 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01686508

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01686508

Keywords

Navigation