Skip to main content
Log in

Body mass of six long-distance migrant passerine species along the autumn migration route

Körpermassen von sechs Arten von Langstreckenziehern entlang des Herbstzugweges

  • Published:
Journal für Ornithologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

We analysed body mass and moult data of six passerine species along their autumn migration route from northern Europe to North Africa and derived hypothetical models of the organisation of their migration in terms of fuel store accumulation. We analysed data of 46,541 first-year birds from 34 trapping sites, sampled in a network of collaborating European and African ringing stations. After accounting for effects of time of day and size, there were marked differences between the six species examined in the change of body mass along the migration route and in the timing of moult. Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) and Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) underwent their postjuvenile moult prior to migration and increased their average body mass along the migration route. Sedge Warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) also increased body mass towards the south, but started the migration bout without further refuelling well before the Sahara and moulted mainly in the wintering grounds. Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and Whitethroats (Sylvia communis) migrated while still moulting and did not increase average body mass towards south. They accumulated the energy needed to fly over the Sahara just before it. Spotted Flycatchers (Muscicapa striata) behaved in the same way, but contrary to Reed Warblers and Whitethroats they did not accumulate much fat stores in North Africa, which might urge them to stop and fuel up regularly in the Sahara. In the course of the season average body mass of all species increased slightly, which enabled them to migrate faster. In general, average body mass of first-year birds in northern and central Europe during the migration period was comparable to that of adults during breeding.

Zusammenfassung

Wir analysierten Körpermassen- und Mauserdaten von sechs Singvogelarten auf dem Herbstzug entlang ihres Zugweges von Nordeuropa bis Nordafrika. Die Körpermassen von 46 541 diesjährigen Vögeln, die auf 34 Beringungsstationen im Rahmen eines internationalen Projektes gesammelt wurden, sind die Grundlage dieser Untersuchung. Neben der Entwicklung der Körpermassen entlang des Zugweges untersuchten wir den Einfluss der Mauser, des Fangdatums, der Tageszeit und der Körpergröße auf die Körpermasse. Mausernde Vögel waren schwerer als nichtmausernde mit der gleichen Fettmenge. Die Körpermasse nahm im Laufe der Saison und im Verlauf des Tages zu. Große Vögel (mit einer längeren 8. Handschwinge) waren schwerer als kleine. Gartengrasmücken (Sylvia borin) und Trauerschnäpper (Ficedula hypoleuca) wurden entlang des Zugweges kontinuierlich schwerer. Beide Arten machten die Jugendteilmauser hauptsächlich noch im Brutgebiet durch. Schilfrohrsänger (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) wurden nach Süden ebenfalls etwas schwerer, aber sie begannen mit einem Reiseabschnitt ohne weiteren Fettaufbau schon in Mitteleuropa und mauserten ihr Kleingefieder hauptsächlich erst in Afrika. Die Körpermassen von Teichrohrsängern (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) und Dorngrasmücken (Sylvia communis) blieben nach Süden weitgehend konstant. Beide Arten lagerten die nötigen Energiereserven zum Überfliegen der Sahara erst kurz davor an. Sie trennten Jugendteilmauser und Zug nicht vollständig. Ähnlich verhielten sich Grauschnäpper (Muscicapa striata), doch im Gegensatz zu den zwei vorherigen Arten, wurden sie auch im Mittelmeergebiet nicht wesentlich fetter. Sie scheinen daher regelmässig in der Wüste zu rasten und zu fressen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bairlein, F. (1985): Body weights and fat deposition of Palaearctic passerine migrants in the central Sahara. Oecologia 66: 141–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bairlein, F. (1991): Body mass of Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin) on migration: a review of field data. Die Vogelwarte 36: 48–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairlein, F. (1992): Recent prospects on trans-Saharan migration of songbirds. Ibis 134 suppl. 1: 41–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairlein, F. (1995): Manual of Field Methods. European-African songbird migration network. Wilhelmshaven: Institut für Vogelforschung.

  • Bairlein, F. (1997): Spatio-temporal course, ecology and energetics of Western Palaearctic-African songbird migration. Summary report. Wilhelmshaven: Institut für Vogelforschung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairlein, F., Beck, P., Feiler, W. & Querner, U. (1983): Autumn weights of some Palaearctic passerine migrants in the Sahara. Ibis 125: 404–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bensch, S. & Nielsen, B. (1999): Autumn migration speed of juvenile Reed and Sedge Warblers in relation to date and fat loads. Condor 101: 153–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibby, C. J. & Green, R. E. (1980): Foraging behaviour of migrant Pied Flycatchers,Ficedula hypoleuca, on temporary territories. J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 507–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibby, C. J. & Green, R. E. (1981): Autumn migration strategies of Reed and Sedge Warblers. Ornis Scand. 12: 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biebach, H. (1995): Stopover of migrants flying across the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara. Israel J. Zool. 41: 387–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biebach, H., Friedrich, W. & Heine, G. (1986): Interaction of body-mass, fat, foraging and stopover period in trans-Sahara migrating passerine birds. Oecologia 69: 370–379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruderer, B. & Liechti, F. (1999): Bird migration across the Mediterranean. In: Adams, N. J. & Slotow, R. H. (Eds.): Proc. 22. Int. Ornithol. Congr., Durban: 1983–1999. Johannesburg.

  • Chilgren, J. D. (1977): Body composition of captive white-crowned Sparrows during postnuptial molt. Auk 94: 677–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cramp, S. (Ed., 1992): The birds of the Western Palaearctic Vol. VI. Warblers. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramp, S. (Ed., 1993): The birds of the Western Palaearctic Vol. VII. Flycatchers to Shrikes. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellegren, H. (1993): Speed of migration and migratory flight lengths of passerine birds ringed during autumn migration in Sweden. Ornis Scand. 24: 220–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fransson, T. (1995): Timing and speed of migration in North and West European populations ofSylvia Warblers. J. Avian Biol. 26: 39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatter, W. & Schmid, U. (1990): Hoverfly migration (Diptera Syrphidae) at Randecker Maar southwest Germany. Spixiana Supplement 15: 1–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glutz von Blotzheim, U. & Bauer, K. M. (1991): Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Band 12. Passeriformes 3. Teil. Wiesbaden.

  • Glutz von Blotzheim, U. & Bauer, K. M. (1993): Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Band 13. Passeriformes 4. Teil. Wiesbaden.

  • Herremans, M. (1990): Body-moult and migration overlap in Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) trapped during nocturnal migration. Le Gerfaut 80: 149–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildén, O. & Saurola, P. (1982): Speed of autumn migration of birds ringed in Finland. Ornis Fennica 59: 140–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenni, L. (1984): Herbstzugmuster von Vögeln auf dem Col de Bretolet unter besonderer Berücksichtigung nachbrutzeitlicher Bewegungen. Ornithol. Beob. 81: 183–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenni, L. & Winkler, R. (1989): The feather-length of small passerines: a measurement for wing-length in live birds and museum skins. Bird Study 36: 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenni, L. & Winkler, R. (1994): Moult and Ageing of European Passerines. London.

  • Kaiser, A. (1993): A new multi-category classification of subcutaneous fat deposits of songbirds. J. Field. Ornithol. 64: 246–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, H., Berthold, P. & Gwinner, E. (1973): Der Zug europäischer Garten- und Mönchsgrasmücken (Sylvia borin undS. atricapilla). Vogelwarte 27: 73–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindström, Å., Daan, S. & Visser, G. H. (1994): The conflict between moult and migratory fat deposition: a photoperiodic experiment with bluethroats. Anim. Behav. 48: 1173–1181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreau, R. E. (1969): Comparative weights of some transsaharan migrants at intermediate points. Ibis 111: 621–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, M. E. (1996): Energetics and nutrition of molt. In: Carey, C. (Ed.): Avian energetics and nutritional ecology. New York, pp 158–198.

  • Newton, I. (1968): The temperatures, weights, and body components of molting Bullfinches. Condor 70: 323–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, S. C. (1990): A comparative study of post-juvenile moult in four species ofSylvia warbler. Ringing & Migration 11: 12–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, R. W., Lane, P. W., Digby, P. G. N., Harding, S. A., Leech, P. K., Morgan, G. W., Todd, A. D., Thompson, R., Tunnicliffe Wilson, G., Welham, S. J. & White, R. P. (1993): Genstat 5 Release 3. Reference Manual. Oxford.

  • Redfern, C. P. F. & Alker, P. J. (1996): Plumage development and post-juvenile moult in the Sedge WarblerAcrocephalus schoenobaenus. J. Avian Biol. 27: 157–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaub, M. & Jenni, L. (2000): Fuel deposition of three passerine bird species along migration route. Oecologia 122: 306–317.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaub, M., Pradel, R., Jenni, L. & Lebreton, J.-D.: Migrating birds stop over longer than usually thought: an improved capture-recapture analysis. Ecology (in press).

  • Svensson, L. (1992): Identification guide to European Passerines. 4. ed. Stockholm.

  • Yoccoz, N. G. (1991): Use, overuse, and misuse of significance tests in evolutionary biology and ecology. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 72: 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zink, G. (1973): Der Zug europäischer Singvögel — ein Atlas der Wiederfunde beringter Vögel (1. Lieferung). Möggingen.

  • Zink, G. (1981): Der Zug europäischer Singvögel — ein Atlas der Wiederfunde beringter Vögel (2. Lieferung). Möggingen.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Schaub.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schaub, M., Jenni, L. Body mass of six long-distance migrant passerine species along the autumn migration route. J Ornithol 141, 441–460 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651574

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651574

Key words

Navigation