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Pattern of elevation of urine catecholamines in intracerebral haemorrhage

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Summary

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is a common complication of severe intracranial disease. The aim of this study was to reveal the autonomic changes in patients suffering from acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). 25 patients with spontaneous ICH within 24 hours of onset of symptoms were included. All patients were treated with standardised medical management and the meta- and normetanephrines were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 24-hour urine every day.

The mean level of normetanephrine (709±579 μg/day) and metanephrine (244±161 mg/day) were significantly elevated in comparison with a control group, p⩽0,01. The norepinephrine elevation was of greater diagnostic and prognostic importance. Maximum urinary catecholamine metabolite levels occurred between day 3 to 10 after the bleeding.

Normetanephrines correlated with the prognosis and the complications of ICH: intraventricular involvement resulted in significantly elevated normetanephrine levels (896±520 μg/day versus 311±78 μg/day) p⩽0,01. Patients with a great volume of haematoma developed severe autonomic dysregulation (normetanephrines 1114±493 μg/day), whereas patients with smaller haematoma did not (339±125 μg/day) p⩽0,0001; patients with bad outcome (1014±620 mg/day) had higher levels of normetanephrines than those with a good prognosis (322±110 μg/day) p⩽0,001. A close relationship to elevated intracranial pressure was established.

This study demonstrated the feasibility of detecting autonomic nervous system dysfunction in neurological intensive care patients by means of examination of the metabolites of the catecholamines in the urine. The pattern of elevation in ICH and the relation to the clinical situation is presented. Norepinephrine offers the chance of simple and feasible monitoring of autonomic dysfunction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Saarland, USA

    G. F. Hamann, M. Strittmatter, K. -H. Hoffmann, G. Holzer, M. Stoll, T. Keshevar, R. Moili, K. Wein & K. Schimrigk

  2. Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    G. F. Hamann

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  1. G. F. Hamann
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  2. M. Strittmatter
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  3. K. -H. Hoffmann
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  4. G. Holzer
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  5. M. Stoll
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  6. T. Keshevar
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  7. R. Moili
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  8. K. Wein
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  9. K. Schimrigk
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Hamann, G.F., Strittmatter, M., Hoffmann, K.H. et al. Pattern of elevation of urine catecholamines in intracerebral haemorrhage. Acta neurochir 132, 42–47 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01404846

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