Summary
The replicative cycle ofherpesvirus ateles, strain 73 (HVA-73), was examined in the electron microscope and compared to that of other herpesviruses known to be oncogenic. A relatively slow replicative cycle of HVA-73 in owl monkey kidney (OMK) cells allowed us to distinguish cytoplasmic and nuclear stages of replication, comprising virus uptake, transport, maturation, and extrusion. Virus uptake was observed within 10 hours of infection and occurred both as a result of fusion between virus and cell membranes and by phagocytosis. Morphologic evidence for the transfer of viral DNA from nuclecapsids to the nucleus at the nuclear membrane is presented. This is shown by the location of numerous empty capsids in front of nuclear pores early during infection. Towards the end of the eclipse phase, at about 48 hours after infection, two different types of nuclear inclusion bodies were observed. Progeny nucleocapsids were detected in the nucleus at the same time. The envelopment of nucleocapsids occurred both at the nuclear membrane and at proliferating Golgi lamellae in the cytoplasm. Each site of envelopment is associated with the maturation of a characteristic, morphologically distinguishable virus particle. The assembly of HVA-73 resembled that of other oncogenic herpesviruses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ablashi, D. V., Easton, J. M., Guegan, J. H.: Herpesviruses and cancer in man and subhuman primates. Biomedicine24, 286–305 (1976).
Ablashi, D. V., Easton, J. M.: Oncogenic DNA viruses: Experimental animals andin vitro systems for propagation, assay, transformation and tumor induction. Proc. Int. Symp. on Exptl. AnimalsIn Vitro Systems in Med. Microbiol., Munich, W. Germany, 106–160. Munich: Uni-Druck 1977.
Ablashi, D. V., Pearson, G., Rabin, H., Armstrong, G., Easton, J., Valerio, M., Cicmanec, J.: Experimental infection ofcallithrix jaccus marmosets withHerpesvirus saimiri, Herpesvirus ateles and Epstein-Barr virus. Biomedicine23, 7–10 (1978).
Ahmed, M., Schidlovsky, G.: Electron microscopic localization of herpesvirustype particles in Marek's disease. J. Virol.2, 1443–1457 (1968).
Cook, M. L., Stevens, J. G.: Labile Coat: Reason for noninfectious cell-free Varizella-Zoster virus in culture. J. Virol.2, 1458–1464 (1968).
Dalton, A. J.: A chrome osmium fixative for electron microscopy. Anat. Rec.121, 281 (1955).
Deinhardt, F., Falk, L., Wolfe, L.: Simian herpesviruses. Cancer Res.33, 1424–1426 (1973).
Falk, L., Wright, J., Wolfe, L., Deinhardt, F.:Herpesvirus ateles: transformationin vitro of marmoset splenic lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer14, 244–251 (1974).
Falk, L. A., Nigida, S. M., Deinhardt, F., Wolfe, L. G., Cooper, R. W., Hernandez-Camacho, J. I.:Herpesvirus ateles: properties of an oncogenic herpesvirus isolated from circulating lymphocytes of spider monkeys (ateles sp.). Int. J. Cancer14, 473–482 (1974).
Friedman, A., Coward, J. E., Rosenkranz, H. S., Morgan, C.: Electron microscopic studies on the assembly of herpes simplex virus upon removal of hydroxy urea block. J. gen. Virol.26, 171–181 (1975).
Friedman, A., Coward, J. E., Morgan, C.: Electron microscopic study of the development ofherpesvirus saimiri. Virology69, 810–815 (1976).
Haguenau, F., Michelson-Fiske, S.: Cytomegalovirus: Nucleocapsid assembly and core structure. Intervirology5, 293–299 (1975).
Heine, U., Ablashi, D. V.: Morphological studies ofHerpesvirus saimiri in primate cell cultures. J. med. Primatology3, 18–26 (1974).
Heine, U., Ablashi, D. V., Armstrong, G. R.: Morphological studies onherpesvirus saimiri in subhuman and human cell cultures. Cancer Res.31, 1019–1029 (1971).
Heine, U., Cottler-Fox, M.: Electron microscopic observations on the composition of herpes-type virions. In:de Thé, G., Epstein, M. A., zur Hausen, H. (eds.), Oncogenesis and Herpesviruses II, Part I, 103–110. Lyon: IARDC 1975.
Heine, U. I., Dalton, A. J.: Ultrastructural analysis of herpes-type viruses. In: Molecular Studies in Viral Neoplasia (25th Ann. Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, 1972, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston), 63–96. Baltimore, Md.: The Williams and Wilkins Co. 1974.
Heine, U., Hinze, H. C.: Morphological studies onherpesvirus sylvilagus in rabbit kidney cell cultures. Cancer Res.32, 1340–1350 (1972).
Hummeler, K., Tomassini, N., Zajac, B.: Early events in herpes simplex virus infection: a radioautographic study. J. Virol.4, 67–74 (1969).
Hunt, R. D., Meléndez, L. V., King, N. W., Gilmore, C. E., Daniel, M. D., Williamson, M. E., Jones, T. C.: Morphology of a disease with features of malignant lymphoma in marmosets and owl monkeys inoculated withHerpesvirus saimiri. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.44, 447–465 (1970).
Luetzeler, J., Heine, U.: Nuclear accumulation of filamentous herpes simplex virus DNA late during the replicative cycle. Intervirology10, 289–299 (1978).
Melendez, L. V., Hunt, R. D., King, N. W., Barahone, H. H., Daniel, M. D., Fraser, C. E. O., Garcia, F. G.: A new lymphoma virus of monkeys:Herpesvirus ateles. Nature (New Biology)234, 182–184 (1972).
Miyamoto, K., Morgan, C.: Structure and development of viruses as observed in the electron microscope. XI. Entry and uncoating of herpes simplex virus. J. Virol.8, 910–918 (1971).
Morgan, C., Rose, H. M., Mednis, B.: Electron microscopy of herpes simplex virus. I. Entry. J. Virol.2, 507–516 (1968).
Morgan, G. D., Achong, B. G., Epstein, M. A.: Morphological observations on the replication ofherpesvirus saimiri in monkey cell cultures. J. gen. Virol.32, 461–470 (1976).
Nazerian, K., Lee, L. F., Witter, R. L., Burmester, B. R.: Ultrastructural studies of a herpesvirus of turkeys antigenically related to Marek's disease virus. Virology43, 442–452 (1971).
Perdue, M. L., Cohen, J. C., Randall, C. C., O'Callaghan, D. J.: Biochemical studies of the maturation of herpesvirus nucleocapsid species. Virology74, 194–208 (1976).
Seigneurin, J.-M., Vuillaume, M., Lenoir, G., de Thé, G.: Replication of Epstein-Barr virus: ultrastructural and immunofluorescent studies of P3HR1-super-infected Raji cells. J. Virol.24, 836–845 (1977).
Smith, J. D., de Harven, E.: Herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus replication in WI38 cells. II. An ultrastructural study of viral penetration. J. Virol.14, 945–956 (1974).
Stackpole, C. W.: Herpestype virus of the frog renal adenocarcinoma. I. Virus development in tumor transplants maintained at low temperature. J. Virol.4, 75–93 (1969).
Tralka, T. S., Costa, J., Rabson, A.: Electron microscopic study ofherpesvirus saimiri. Virology80, 158–165 (1977).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
With 14 Figures
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luetzeler, J., Heine, U.I., Wendel, E. et al. Ultrastructural studies on the replication of herpes virus ateles-73 in owl monkey kidney cells. Archives of Virology 60, 59–73 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01318098
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01318098