Summary
Nucleotide sequencing of the right end of theSalIj fragment of the highly virulent Malawi Lil 20/1 strain of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has revealed three adjacent genes with similarity to: serine-threonine protein kinases; members of the putative helicase superfamily SF2; and the vaccinia virus 56 kDa abortive late protein. All three genes are transcribed to the left with respect to the orientation of the ASFV genome. Gene L19IL predicts a protein similar to serine-threonine protein kinases including vaccinia virus gene B1R. Gene L19KL predicts a protein that is likely to be a nucleic acid-dependent ATPase, as it has similarity to both the poxvirus 70 kDa early transcription factor subunit and the poxvirus nucleoside triphosphatase I gene. Gene L19LL has extensive similarity to the vaccinia virus 56 kDa abortive late protein.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aitken A (1990) Identification of protein consensus sequences: active site motifs, phosphorylation, and other post-translational modifications. Ellis Horwood, London
Almendral JM, Almazan F, Blasco R, Vinuela E (1990) Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 110. J Virol 64: 2064–2072
Bankier AT, Weston KM, Barrell BG (1987) Random cloning and sequencing by the M 13/dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. Methods Enzymol 155: 51–93
Blasco R, Lopez-Otin C, Munoz M, Bockamp EO, Simon-Mateo C, Vinuela E (1990) Sequence and evolutionary relationships of African swine fever virus thymidine kinase. Virology 178: 301–304
Boursnell M, Shaw K, Yanez RJ, Vinuela E, Dixon LK (1991) The sequences of the ribonucleotide reductase genes from African swine fever virus show considerable homology with those of the orthopoxvirus, vaccinia virus. Virology 184: 411–416
Broyles SS, Fesler BS (1990) Vaccinia virus gene encoding a component of the viral early transcription factor. J Virol 64: 1523–1529
Broyles SS, Moss B (1987) Identification of the vaccinia virus gene encoding nucleotide triphosphate phosphohydrolase I, a DNA-dependent ATPase. J Virol 61: 1738–1742
Broyles SS, Moss B (1988) DNA-dependent ATPase activity associated with vaccinia virus early transcription factor. J Biol Chem 263: 10761–10765
Broyles SS, Yuen L, Shuman S, Moss B (1988) Purification of a factor required for transcription of vaccinia virus early genes. J Biol Chem 263: 10754–10760
Camacho A, Vinuela E (1991) Protein p 22 of African swine fever virus: an early structural protein that is incorporated into the membrane of infected cells. Virology 181: 251–257
Carrascosa AL, Sastre I, Vinuela E (1991) African swine fever virus attachment protein. J Virol 65: 2283–2289
Cohrs RJ, Condit RC, Pacha RF, Thompson CL, Sharma OK (1989) Modulation of ppp(A2′p)nA-dependent RNase by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia virus. J Virol 63: 948–951
Costa JV (1990) African swine fever virus. In: Darai G (ed) Molecular biology of iridoviruses. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, pp 247–270
Davison AJ, Moss B (1989 a) Structure of vaccinia virus early promoters. J Mol Biol 210: 749–769
Davison AJ, Moss B (1989 b) Structure of vaccinia virus late promoters. J Mol Biol 210: 771–784
de la Vega I, Vinuela E, Blasco R (1990) Genetic variation and multigene families in African swine fever virus. Virology 179: 234–246
Devereux J, Haeberli P, Smithies O (1984) A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res 12: 387–395
Dixon LK (1988) Molecular cloning and restriction enzyme mapping of an African swine fever virus isolate from Malawi. J Gen Virol 69: 1683–1694
Domen J, von Lindern M, Hermans A, Breuer M, Grosveld G, Berns A (1987) Comparison of the human and mouse pim-1 cDNAs: nucleotide sequence and immunological identification of the in vitro synthesized pim-1 protein. Oncogene Res 1: 103–112
Esparza I, Gonzalez JC, Vinuela E (1988) Effect of interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor on African swine fever virus replication in porcine monocytes and macrophages. J Gen Virol 69: 2973–2980
Gershon PD, Moss B (1990) Early transcription factor subunits are encoded by vaccinia virus late genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 4401–4405
Goebel SJ, Johnson GP, Perkus ME, Davis SW, Winslow JP, Paoletti E (1990) The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus. Virology 179: 247–266
Gonzalez A, Calvo V, Almazan F, Almendral JM, Ramirez JC, de la Vega I, Blasco R, Vinuela E (1990) Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 360. J Virol 64: 2073–2081
Gorbalenya AE, Koonin EV, Donchenko AP, Blinov VM (1989) Two related super-families of putative helicases involved in replication, recombination, repair and expression of DNA and RNA genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4713–4730
Hammond JM, Dixon LK (1991) Vaccinia virus-mediated expression of African swine fever virus genes. Virology 181: 778–782
Hanks SK, Quinn AM (1991) Protein kinase catalytic domain sequence database: identification of conserved features of primary structure and classification of family members. Methods Enzymol 200: 38–62
Knighton DR, Zheng J, Ten Eyck LF, Ashford VA, Xuong NH, Taylor SS, Sowadski JM (1991 a) Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science 253: 407–414
Knighton DR, Zheng J, Ten Eyck LF, Xuong NH, Taylor SS, Sowadski JM (1991 b) Structure of a peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science 253: 414–420
Kuznar J, Salas ML, Vinuela E (1981) Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activities in African swine fever virus. Arch Virol 69: 307–310
Lipman DJ, Pearson WR (1985) Rapid and sensitive protein similarity searches. Science 227: 1435–1441
Lopez-Otin C, Freije JMP, Parra F, Mendez E, Vinuela E (1990) Mapping and sequence of the gene coding for protein p 72, the major capsid protein of African swine fever virus. Virology 175: 477–484
Lopez-Otin C, Simon C, Mendez E, Vinuela E (1988) Mapping and sequence of the gene encoding protein p 37, a major structural protein of African swine fever virus. Virus Genes 1: 291–303
Martin Hernandez AM, Tabares E (1991) Expression and characterization of the thymidine kinase gene of African swine fever virus. J Virol 65: 1046–1052
Matsushime H, Jinno A, Takagi N, Shibuya M (1990) A novel mammalian protein kinase gene (mak) is highly expressed in testicular germ cells at and after meiosis. Mol Cell Biol 10: 2261–2268
Moss B (1990) Poxviridae and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM (eds) Virology. Raven Press, New York, pp 2079–2111
Niles EG, Condit RC, Caro P, Davidson K, Matusick L, Seto J (1986) Nucleotide sequence and genetic map of the 16-kb vaccinia virusHindIII D fragment. Virology 153: 96–112
Pacha RF, Meis RJ, Condit RC (1990) Structure and expression of the vaccinia virus gene which prevents virus-induced breakdown of RNA. J Virol 64: 3853–3863
Paez E, Esteban M (1984 a) Resistance of vaccinia virus to interferon is related to an interference phenomenon between the virus and the interferon system. Virology 134: 12–28
Paez E, Esteban M (1984 b) Nature and mode of action of vaccinia virus products that block activation of the interferon-mediated ppp(A2'p)nA-synthetase. Virology 134: 29–39
Paez E, Garcia F, Fernandez CG (1990) Interferon cures cells lytically and persistently infected with African swine fever virus in vitro. Arch Virol 112: 115–127
Paoletti E, Moss B (1974) Two nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases from vaccinia virus: nucleotide substrate and polynucleotide cofactor specificities. J Biol Chem 249: 3281–3286
Polatnick J, Pan IC, Gravell M (1974) Protein kinase activity in African swine fever virus. Arch Ges Virusforsch 44: 156–159
Rodriguez JF, Kahn JS, Esteban M (1986) Molecular cloning, encoding sequence, and expression of vaccinia virus nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9566–9570
Rodriguez JM, Salas ML, Vinuela E (1992) Genes homologous to ubiquitin-conjugating proteins and eukaryotic transcription factor SII in African swine fever virus. Virology 186: 40–52
Rohrmann G, Yuen L, Moss B (1986) Transcription of vaccinia virus early genes by enzymes isolated from vaccinia virions terminates downstream of a regulatory sequence. Cell 46: 1029–1035
Schwartz RM, Dayhoff MO (1979) Matrices for detecting distant relationships. In: Dayhoff MO (ed) Atlas of protein sequence and structure. National Biomedical Research Foundation, Washington DC, pp 353–358
Selten G, Cuypers HT, Boelens W, Robanus-Maandag E, Verbeek J, Domen J, van Beveren C, Berns A (1986) The primary structure of the putative oncogenepim-1 shows extensive homology with protein kinases. Cell 46: 603–611
Siegfried E, Perkins LA, Capaci TM, Perrimon N (1990) Putative protein kinase product of theDrosophila segment-polarity genezeste-white 3. Nature 345: 825–829
Staden R (1982) Automation of the computer handling of gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 10: 4731–4751
Staden R (1990 a) Finding protein coding regions in genomic sequences. Methods Enzymol 183: 163–180
Staden R (1990 b) Searching for patterns in protein and nucleic acid sequences. Methods Enzymol 183: 193–211
Staden R, McLachlan AD (1982) Codon preference and its use in identifying protein coding regions in long DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 10: 141–156
Strayer DS, Jerng HH, O'Connor K (1991) Sequence and analysis of a portion of the genomes of Shope fibroma virus and malignant rabbit fibroma virus that is important for viral replication in lymphocytes. Virology 185: 585–595
Tabares E, Martinez J, Martin E, Escribano JM (1983) Proteins specified by African swine fever virus: IV glycoproteins and phosphoproteins. Arch Virol 77: 167–180
Talavera A (1987) RNA polymerase-promoter recognition in African swine fever and vaccinia viruses. In: African swine fever and pig immunology. Proceedings of meeting, Salamanca 1987
Tartaglia J, Winslow J, Goebel S, Johnson GP, Taylor J, Paoletti E (1990) Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 10.5 kbpHind III fragment of fowlpox virus: relatedness to the central portion of the vaccinia virusHind III D region. J Gen Virol 71: 1517–1524
Tommasino M, Ricci S, Galeotti CL (1988) Genome organization of the killer plasmid pGK 12 fromKluyveromyces lactis. Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5863–5878
Traktman P, Anderson MK, Rempel RE (1989) Vaccinia virus encodes an essential gene with strong homology to protein kinases. J Biol Chem 264: 21458–21461
Vinuela E (1985) African swine fever virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 116: 151–170
Wilkinson PJ (1989) African swine fever virus. In: Pensaert MB (ed) Virus infections of porcines. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 17–35
Woodgett JR (1990) Molecular cloning and expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3/factor A. EMBO J 9: 2431–2438
Yuen L, Moss B (1987) Oligonucleotide sequence signaling transcriptional termination of vaccinia virus early genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6417–6421
Zakut-Houri R, Hazum S, Givol D, Telerman A (1987) The cDNA sequence and gene analysis of the humanpim oncogene. Gene 54: 105–111
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roberts, P.C., Lu, Z., Kutish, G.F. et al. Three adjacent genes of African swine fever virus with similarity to essential poxvirus genes. Archives of Virology 132, 331–342 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309543
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309543