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Die antioestrogene Substanz Tamoxifen in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Mammacarcinoms

The antiestrogen tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer

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Summary

The antiestrogenic agent tamoxifen was evaluated in 17 pre- and 103 postmenopausal women with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer at two dose levels (2 and 3 × 10 mg daily). Dose-related differences in the results were not observed. Altogether 49.2% of these patients responded to therapy (10 complete remissions, 9.2% partial remissions, 30 % no change). While a response rate of 52.5% was found in the postmenopausal group, the rate was markedly worse in premenopausal women (29.4%). In postmenopausal patients there was a poorer remission rate in older women. Regarding the dominant site of lesions, the best results were achieved in patients with lung and pleura metastases, followed by soft tissue metastases. Patients with a disease-free interval of more than 100 months responded better to therapy than those with a shorter interval. Long-term results were much more favorable in patients who primarily responded to tamoxifen than in nonresponders. As the most valuable prognostic criterion, the hormone receptors were assayed. 75% of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) positive and 55,6% of the ER-positive and PgR-negative patients derived benefit from this treatment in contrast to only 19% of the ER- and PgR-negative women. Plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and FSH were not changed by tamoxifen, but average cortisol and prolactin concentrations were altered significantly. A short-time increase of the prolactin level 2 weeks after onset of tamoxifen treatment and a decrease thereafter also seem to be good prognostic signs. Side effects were few and did not occur more severely or frequently in the higher dose group.

Zussamenfassung

Die antioestrogene Substanz tamoxifen wurde bei insgesamt 17 prä- und 103 postmenopausalen Frauen mit einem fortgeschrittenen Mammacarcinom in zwei verschiedenen Dosierungen (2 und 3 × 10 mg täglich) eingesetzt. Dosisabhängige Unterschiede in den Ergebnissen konnten nicht gefunden werden. Insgesamt haben 49,2% aller Patientinnen auf die Therapie angesprochen (10% Vollremissionen, 9,2% Teilremissionen, 30% der Patientinnen wiesen einen konstanten Befund auf). Während sich die Ansprechrate in der postmenopausalen Gruppe auf 52,5% beläuft, liegt diese bei den prämenopausalen Frauen mit 29,4% ungleich niedriger. Bei den Frauen der Postmenopause ergaben sich mit dem Alter abnehmende Ansprechraten. Bei Berücksichtigung des überwiegenden Metastasensitzes wurden die besten Ergebnisse bei Lungen- und Pleurametastasen, gefolgt von Weichteilmetastasen erzielt. Patientinnen mit einem rezidivfreien Intervall von mehr als 100 Monaten sprachen ungleich besser auf die Antioestrogen-Behandlung an als solche mit einem kürzeren Intervall. Das weitere Schicksal der Patientinnen scheint nach primärem Ansprechen günstiger zu sein als das von Therapieversagern. Als bestes prognostisches Kriterium hat sich die Bestimmung der Hormonreceptoren erwiesen: 75% der Oestrogenreceptor (ER) positiven und Progesteronreceptor (PgR) positiven und 55,6% der ER positiven und PgR negativen Patientinnen haben im Gegensatz zu nur 19% der ER und PgR negativen von der Antioestrogen-Therapie profitiert. Die Serumspiegel von Oestradiol, Progesteron, Testosteron und FSH haben sich unter Tamoxifen nicht, die Cortisol-und Prolactin-Spiegel hingegen signifikant verändert. Ein kurzzeitiges Ansteigen des Prolactin-Spiegels bald nach Therapiebeginn und ein erst späteres Absinken unter den Ausgangswert scheint ebenfalls ein prognostisch günstiges Zeichen zu sein. Die Nebenwirkungen dieses Präparates müssen als sehr gering bezeichnet werden und traten auch unter der höheren Dosis nicht häufiger auf.

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Margreiter, R. Die antioestrogene Substanz Tamoxifen in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Mammacarcinoms. Langenbecks Arch Chiv 351, 249–262 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255806

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