Abstract
The application of group cognitive-behavioral therapy to depressed geriatric outpatients is illustrated through case examples. Age changes in intellectual functioning may cause the therapy to proceed more slowly than expected and may make behavioral components the most useful aspects of the treatment for some people. Health status may affect the assessment of severity of depression as well as the pace of the treatment. Differences in cultural and educational experience may make it more difficult for the group to become cohesive. Passivity and negative stereotypes of aging need to be actively confronted.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference Note
Jarvik, L. F.Psychotherapy in geriatric depression. NIMH Grant No. MH33677,
References
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B., & Emery, G.Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press, 1979.
Blumenthal, M. D. Measuring depressive symptomatology in a general population.Archives of General Psychiatry 1975,32 971–978.
Fink, M., Green, A., & Bender, M. B. The Face-Hand Test as a diagnostic sign of organic mental syndrome.Neurology 1952,2 48–56.
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians.Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975,12 189–198.
Gilbert, J. G., Levee, R. F., & Catalano, F. L.Guild Memory Test manual. Newark, New Jersey: UNICO National Mental Research Foundation, 1974.
Goldfarb, A. J. Masked depression in the elderly. In S. Lesse (Ed.),Masked depression. New York: Aronson, 1974.
Gurland, B. J. The comparative frequency of depression in various adult age groups.Journal of Gerontology 1976,31 283–292.
Hamilton, M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness.British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1967,6 278–296.
Inglis, J. A paired associate learning test for use with elderly psychiatric patients.Journal of Mental Science 1959,105 440–443.
Kahn, R. L., Zarit, S. H., Hilbert, N. M., & Niederehe, G.Archives of General Psychiatry 1975,32 1569–1573.
Morris, N. E.A group self-instruction method for the treatment of depressed outpatients. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, 1975.
Neugarten, B. The future of the young-old.Gerontologist 1975,15 4–9.
Rush, A. J., Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Hollon, S. Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed outpatients.Cognitive Therapy and Research 1977,1 17–37.
Rush, A. J., Shaw, B., & Khatami, M. Cognitive therapy of depression: Utilizing the couples system.Cognitive Therapy and Research 1980,4 103–113.
Rush, A. J., & Watkins, J. T. Group versus individual cognitive therapy: A pilot study.Cognitive Therapy and Research 1981,5 95–104.
Shaw, B. F. Comparison of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy in the treatment of depression.Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology 1977,45 543–551.
Steuer, J., Bank, L., Olsen, E. J., & Jarvik, L. F. Depression, physical health and somatic complaints in the elderly: a study of the Zung Self-Rating Depression scale.Journal of Gerontology 1980,35 683–688.
Wechsler, D.Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1955.
Zenmore, R., & Eames, N. Psychic and somatic symptoms of depression among young adults, institutionalized aged and noinstitutionalized aged.Journal of Gerontology 1979,34 716–722.
Zung, W. W. K. A self-rating depression scale.Archives of General Psychiatry 1965,12 63–70.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Support for this research was received from NIMH No. MH33677 awarded to L. F. Jarvik. Partial support was also received from the Veterans Administration.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Steuer, J.L., Hammen, C.L. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the depressed elderly: Issues and adaptations. Cogn Ther Res 7, 285–296 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01177552
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01177552