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Alteration and the role of fluids in Ni, Cu and platinum-group element deposition, Sudbury Igneous Complex contact, Onaping-Levack area, Ontario

Alteration und die Rolle von Fluiden beim Absatz von Ni, Cu und Platingruppen-Elementen im Kontakt des Sudbury KOmplexes, Onaping-Levack-Gebiet, Ontario

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Summary

A variety of alteration styles is associated with Cu, Ni and platinum-group element deposition in the Onaping-Levack area of the North Range of the Sudbury Structure. Two significant alteration assemblages are amphibole (actinolite) + epidote + chlorite + quartz ± albite ± K-feldspar ± calcite adjacent to Cu-rich veins in the Deep Copper Zone of Strathcona mine and the nearby Barnet property, and amphibole (actinolite to ferro-actinolite) + epidote + titanite + pentlandite + pyrite ±quartz ± magnetite in the Fraser mine Epidote Zone. The concentrically zoned Epidote Zone alteration has been further subdivided into facies that range from epidotized Footwall Breccia through actinolite-bearing rocks with few vestiges of original Footwall Breccia textures, to the most intensely altered magnetite-rich facies. Higher Fe3+ content in epidote in the most intensely altered rocks is compatible with the evolution of more oxidized fluids with time. Fe and Ni, in addition to Cu and PGE, have been mobilized. The 2- (L + V) and 3- (L + V + SC) phase fluid inclusions are similar in each of the deposit locations. Temperatures of first ice melting range from −64.9 to -42.3°C, indicating that the trapped fluids may be modelled in the system H2O-NaCl-CaCl2. Average salinities are high, between 20.8 to 34.4 NaCl wt.% eq., and show considerable overlap for each deposit. Isochores calculated from these data show a decrease in temperature range from the Epidote Zone (230 to 340°C) through Barnet (210 to 295°C) to the most distal Deep Copper Zone (175 to 280°C). The Cl-rich fluids deposited Cu and platinum-group elements in the Deep Copper Zone as a result of this thermal gradient. The high salinity fluid inclusions of the Sudbury North Range are similar to those from other high and intermediate temperature Cu-Ni-PGE deposits, and suggest that they were the result of late-stage hydrothermal activity within contact units of the Sudbury Igneous Complex.

Zusammenfassung

Platingruppen-Elementen im Onaping-Levack-Gebiet der North Range der Sudburystruktur verbunden. Zwei signifikante Mineralassoziationen sind Amphibol (Aktinolith) und Epitot + Chlorit + Quarz + Albit ± K-Feldspat ± Calcit in der Nähe kupferreicher Gänge der Deep Copper Zone der Stratcona Mine und dem nahegelegenen BarnetVorkommen. In der Epidot-Zone der Fraser-Mine kommen Amphibol (Aktinolith -Ferroaktinolit) + Epidot + Titanit + Pentlandit + Pyrit + Quarz + Magnetit vor. Die konzentrisch zonierte Alteration der Epidotzone wurde weiter unterteilt in Facies, die von der epidotisierten Liegend-Brevkzie über Aktinolith-führende Gesteine mit Resten entsprechend der Entwicklung zunehmend oxidierter Fluide. Fe und Ni sind zusätzlich zu Cu und PGE mobilisiert worden. Die 2- (L + V) und 3- (L + V + SC) Fluid-Einschlüsse sind in jeder Lokalität ähnlich. Die Temperaturen des ersten Schmelzens von Eis schwanken von −64.9 bis −42.3 °C, und dies weist darauf hin, daß diese Fluide dem System H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 angehören. Die durschnittlichen Salinitäten sind hoch, zwischen 20.8 und 34.4 NaCl wt.% und zeigen beträchtliche Überschneidungen für jede Lagerstätte. Isochoren, die aus diesen Daten berechnet wurden, zeigen eine Abnahme der Temperaturen von der Epidot-Zone (230–340°C) durch Barnet (210–295°C) zu der am weitesten entfernten Deep Copper Zone (175–280°C). Die Cl-reichen Fluide lagerten, durch diesen thermalen Gradienten bestimmt, Kupfer-und Platingruppenelemente in der Deep Copper Zone ab. Die Fluid-Einschlüsse mit hoher Salinität der Sudbury North Range sind denen von anderen Kupfer-Nickel-PGE-Lagerstätten, die bei hohen bis intermediären Temperaturen gebildet wurden, ähnlich. Dies weist darauf hin, daß sie das Ergebnis von später hydrothermaler Aktivität in den Kontaktzonen des Sudbury-Komplexes sind.

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Farrow, C.E.G., Watkinson, D.H. Alteration and the role of fluids in Ni, Cu and platinum-group element deposition, Sudbury Igneous Complex contact, Onaping-Levack area, Ontario. Mineralogy and Petrology 46, 67–83 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01160703

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