Skip to main content
Log in

Following of conspecific and avoidance of predator chemical cues by pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus)

  • Published:
Journal of Chemical Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The ability of hatchling pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) to follow or avoid the chemical trails of conspecifics and a king snake (Lampropeltis getulus) on paper substrates was investigated inY-maze experiments. Hatchlings entered the arm with the adult conspecific trail and avoided the arm containing the king snake trail at a frequency much greater than that due to chance. The data support the hypotheses that pine snakes follow the chemical trails of adult conspecifics and avoid the chemical trails of a predator.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aleksuik, M. 1976. Reptilian hibernation: Evidence of adaptive strategies inThamnophis sirtalis parietalis.Copeia 1976:170–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.S., andMaclean, F.M. 1983. Conspecific scent-trailing by newborn timber rattle-snakes,Crotalus horridus.Herpetologica 39:430–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.S., Parker, W.S., andElder, J.A. 1974. Thermal and spatial relationships of two species of colebrid snakes during hibernation.Herpetologica 30:32–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J., andGochfeld, M. 1985. Behavioral development: Nest emergence of young pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus).J. Comp. Psychol. 99j:150–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J., Zappalorti, R.T., Gochfeld, M., Boarman, W.I., Caffrey, M., Doig, V., Garber, S.D., Lauro, B., Mikovsky, M., Safina, C., andSaliva, J. 1988. Hibernacula and summer den sites of pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens.J. Herpetol. 22:425–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burghardt, G.M. 1973. Chemical release of prey attack: Extension to naive newly hatched lizards,Eumeces fasciatus.Copeia 1973:178–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burghardt, G.M. 1980. Behavioral and stimulus correlates of vomeronasal functioning in reptiles: Feeding, grouping, sex, and tongue use, pp. 275–301,in D. Muller-Scwarze, and R.M. Silverstein (eds.). Chemical Signals in Vertebrates and Aquatic Invertebrates. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burghardt, G.M. 1983. Aggregation and species discrimination in newborn snakes.Z. Tierpsychol. 61:89–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, C.C., andGillingham, J.C. 1975. Postural responses to king snakes by crotaline snakes.Herpetologica 31:293–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiszar, D., Scudder, K., Knight, L., andSmith, H.M. 1978. Exploratory behavior in prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalis viridis) and water moccasins (Agkistrodon piscivorus).Psychol. Rec. 28:363–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiszar, D., Radcliff, C., Boyd, R., Radcliff, A., Yun, H., Smith, H.M., Boyer, R., Atkins, B., andFeiler, F. 1986. Trailing behavior in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus).J. Herpetol. 20:269–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.E., andVitt, L.J. 1984. Detection of conspecific odors by the female broad-headed skink,Eumeces laticeps.J. Exp. Zool. 229:49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.E., andVitt, L.J. 1986a. Tracking of female conspecific odor trails by male broad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps).Ethology 71:242–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.E., andVitt, L.J. 1986b. Interspecific odour discrimination by a lizard (Eumeces laticeps).Anim. Behav. 34:367–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.E., andVitt, L.J. 1986c. Interspecific odour discriminations among syntopic congeners in scincid lizards (GenusEumeces).Behaviour 97:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.E., Garstka, W.R., andVitt, L.J. 1986. Female sex pheromone in the lizardEumeces laticeps.Herpetologica 42:361–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ditmars, R.I. 1935. Serpents of the Northeastern States. NY Zoological Society, New York, New York 40 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitch, H.S. 1960. Criteria for determining sex and breeding maturity in snakes.Herpetologica 16:49–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitch, H.S. 1963. Natural History of the RacerColuber constrictor. University of Kansas, Publ. No. 15, pp. 351–468.

  • Ford, N.B. 1982. Species specificity of sex pheromone trails of sympatric and allopatric garter snakes (Thamnophis).Copeia 1982:10–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, N.B., andO'bleness, M.L. 1986. Species and sexual specificity of pheromone trails of the garter snake,Thamnophis marcianus.J. Herpetol. 20:259–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, N.B., andSchofield, C.W. 1984. Species specificity of sex pheromone trails in the plains garter snake,Thamnophis radix.Herpetologica 40:51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehlbach, F.R., Watkins, J., andKroll, J. 1971. Pheromone trail following studies of typhlopid, leptotyphlopid, and colubrid snakes.Behaviour 40:282–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, P.T. 1983. Identification of sex of small snakes in the field.Herpetol. Rev. 14:42–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzke, Paukstis, G.L., andMcdanial, L.L. 1985. Skewed sex ratios for adult and hatchling bullsnakes,Pituophis melanoleucus, in Nebraska.Copeia 1985:649–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, S., andHalpern, M. 1981. Laboratory observations on conspecific and congeneric scent trailing in garter snakes (Thamnophis).Behav. Neural. Biol. 33:372–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauber, L.M. 1972. Rattlesnakes, Their Habits, Life Histories and Influence on Mankind, Vol. 2. University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchisin, A. 1980. Predator-prey interactions between snake-eating snakes. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, W.S., andBrown, W.S. 1973. Species composition and population changes in two complexes of snake hibemacula in northern Utah.Herpetologica 29:319–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, W.H. 1934. Diagnosis of sex in snakes.Copeia 1934:181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, C.A. 1983. A review of lizard chemoreception, pp. 119–133,in R.B. Huey, E.R. Pianka, and T.W. Schoener (eds.). Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thoen, C., Bauwens, D., andVerkeyen, R.F. 1986. Chemoreceptive and behavioral responses of the common lizardLacerta vivipara to snake chemical deposits.Anim. Behav. 34:1805–1813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Achen, P.H., andRakestraw, J.L. 1984. The role of chemoreception in the prey selection of neonate reptiles,in A Tribute to Harry S. Fitch. R.A. Seigel, L.E. Hunt, J.L. Knight, L. Malaret, and N.L. Zuschlag (eds.). Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics—Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weldon, P.J. 1982. Responses to ophiophagous snakes by snakes of the genusThamnophis.Copeia 1982:788–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weldon, P.J., andBurghardt, G.M. 1979. The ophiophage defensive response in crotaline snakes: Extension to new taxa.J. Chem. Ecol. 5:141–151.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Burger, J. Following of conspecific and avoidance of predator chemical cues by pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus). J Chem Ecol 15, 799–806 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015178

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015178

Key words

Navigation