Skip to main content
Log in

Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs

  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Serum dehydroepiandosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were measured in 270 men and 153 women who were experienced practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs, mental techniques practiced twice daily, sitting quietly with the eyes closed. These were compared according to sex and 5-year age grouping to 799 male and 453 female nonmeditators. The mean DHEA-S levels in the TM group were higher in all 11 of the age groups measured in women and in 6 of 7 5-year age groups over 40 in men. There were no systematic differences in younger men. Simple regression using TM-group data revealed that this effect was independent of diet, body mass index, and exercise. The mean TM-group levels measured in all women and in the older men were generally comparable to those of nonmeditator groups 5 to 10 years younger. These findings suggest that some characteristics of TM practitioners are modifying the age-related deterioration in DHEA-S secretion by the adrenal cortex.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abraham, G. E. (1975). Radioimmunoassay of steroids in biological fluids.J. Steroid. Biochem. 6: 261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C. N., Chandler, H. M., Langer, E. J., Newman, R. I., and Davies, J. L. (1989). Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: An experimental study with the elderly.J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 57: 950–964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appelle, S., and Oswald, L. E. (1974). Simple reaction time as a function of alertness and prior mental activity.Percep. Motor Skills 38: 1263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnetz, B. B., Theorell, T., Levi, L., Kallner, A., and Eneroth, P. (1983). An experimental study of social isolation of elderly people: Psychoendocrine and metabolic effects.Psychosom. Med. 45: 395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett-Connor, E., and Khaw, K.-T. (1987). Cigarette smoking and increased endogenous estrogen levels in men.Am. J. Epidemiol. 126: 187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett-Connor, E., Khaw, K.-T., and Yen, S. S. C. (1986). A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality, and cardiovascular disease.N. Engl. J. Med. 315: 1519–1524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browney, B., Cameron, E. H. D., Griffiths, K., Gleave, E. N., Forrest, A. P. M., and Campbell, H. (1972). Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in patients with benign and malignant breast disease.Eur. J. Cancer 8: 131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bujatti, M., and Riederer, P. (1976). Serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine metabolites in the Transcendental Meditation technique.J. Neural Trans. 39: 257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulbrook, R. D., Hayward, J. L., and Spicer, C. C. (1971). Relation between urinary androgen and corticoid excretion and subsequent breast cancer. Lancet 2: 395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buster, J. E., and Abraham, G. E. (1972). Radioimmunoassay of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.Anal. Lett. 5: 543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carandente, F., Angeli, A., Candiani, G. B., Crosignani, P. G., Dammacco, F., Cecco, L. D., Marrama, P., Massobrio, M., and Martini, L. (1990). Rhythms in the ovulatory cycle. 3rd: cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S).Chronobiologia 17: 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M., and Aygen, M. (1979). A relaxation technique in the management of hypercholesterolemia.J. Hum. Stress 5: 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Del-Ponte, A., Di-Monte, M. G., Graziani, D., Guagnano, M. T., Menduni, P., Vitullo, F., and Sensi, S. (1990). Changes in plasma DHEAS circadian rhythm in elderly men.Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 371A: 791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, S., Benjamin, F., Seltzer, V., Tafreshi, M., Kocheril, G., and Frank, A. (1987). The correlation of serum estrogens and androgens with bone density in the late postmenopause.Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 25: 217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillbeck, M. C., and Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1987). Physiological differences between Transcendental Meditation and rest.Am. Psychol. 42: 879.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hämäläinen, E., Adlercreutz, H., Puska, P., and Pietinen, P. (1984). Diet and serum sex hormones in healthy men.J. Steroid Biochem. 20: 459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartiala, J., Uotila, P., and Nienstedt, W. (1978). The effects of cigarette smoke exposure on testosterone metabolism in the isolated perfused rat lung.J. Steroid Biochem. 9: 365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P., Chan, P., Cohen, L., Wynder, E., and Duno, K. (1977). Diet and endocrine-related cancer.Cancer 39: 1820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jevning, R., Wilson, A. F., and Davidson, M. J. (1978). Adrenocortical activity during meditation.Horm. Behav. 10: 54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jevning, R., Wilson, A. F., O'Halloran, J. P., and Walsh, R. N. (1983a). Forearm blood flow and metabolism during acute stylized and unstylized states of decreased activation.Am, J. Physiol. 245: R110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jevning, R., Wilson, A. F., Pirkle, H., O'Halloran, J. P., and Walsh, R. N. (1983b). Metabolic control in a state of decreased activation: Modulation of red cell metabolism.Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Cell. Physiol. 14): C457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaw, K.-T., Tazuke, S., and Barrett-Connor, E. (1988). Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in postmenopausal women.N. Engl. J. Med. 318: 1705.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laatikainen, T., Laitinen, E. A., and Vihko, R. (1971). Secretion of free and sulfate conjugated neutral steroids by the human testis. Effect of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 32: 59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, R., Dehof, K., and Meurer, K. A. (1979). Sympathetic activity and Transcendental Meditation.J. Neural Trans. 44: 117.

    Google Scholar 

  • McEvoy, T. M., Frumkin, L. R., and Harkings, S. W. (1980). Effects of meditation on brain-stem auditory evoked potentials.Int. J. Neurosci. 10: 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel, P., Penzes, L., Mattzander, U., and Oertel, G. W. (1970). In vivo perfusion of human lung tissue with 7-alpha-3H-dehydroepiandrosterone35S-sulfate. Metabolism of steroid conjugates. IV.Experientia 26: 657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milewich, L., Winters, A. J., Stephens, P., and MacDonald, P. C. (1977). Metabolism of dehydroisoandrosterone and androstenedione by the human lung in vitro.J. Steroid Biochem. 8: 277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milewich, L., Garcia, R. L., and Johnson, A. R. (1983). Steroid sulfatase activity in human lung tissue and in endothelial pulmonary cells in culture.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57: 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montanini, V., Simoni, M., Chiossi, G., Baraghini, G. F., Velardo, A., Baraldi, E., and Marrama, P. (1988). Age-related changes in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, cortisol, testosterone and free testosterone circadian rhythms in adult men.Horm. Res. 29: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukerji, P. N. (ed.) (1977).Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali; University of Calcutta Press, Calcutta, p. 279.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (1985). Provisional data from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey: United States, January–March 1985, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nestler, J. E., Barlascini, C. O., Clore, J. N., and Blackard, W. G. (1988). Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal men.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 66: 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orentreich, N., Brind, J. L., Rizer, R. L., and Vogelman, J. H. (1984). Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59: 551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1973). Autonomic stability and Transcendental Meditation.Psychosom. Med. 35: 341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1987). Medical care utilization and the Transcendental Meditation program.Psychosom. Med. 49: 493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, L., Eugene, J., Farber, D., Lifrak, E., Lai, M., and Juler, G. (1985a). Dissociation of adrenal androgen and cortisol levels in acute stress.Horm. Metab. Res. 17(4): 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, L. N., Levin, E. R., and Lifrak, E. T. (1985b). Evidence for adrenocortical adaptation to severe stress.J. Clin. Endrocrinol. Metab. 60: 947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, R. C., and Baxter, C. R. (1985). Divergence in adrenal steroid secretory pattern after thermal injury in adult patients.J. Trauma 25: 508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov, E. P., Harman, S. M., Chrousos, G. P., Loriaux, D. L., and Blackman, M. R. (1986). Responses of plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in healthy aging men.J. Clin. Endrocrinol. Metab. 62: 767.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivarola, M. A., Saez, J. M., Jones, H. W., Jones, S. G., and Migeon, C. J. (1967). Metabolic clearance rate and blood production rate of testosterone and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione under basal conditions, ACTH and hCG stimulation. Comparison of urinary production rate of testosterone.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 26: 1203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robel, P., Bourreau, E., Corpechot, Dang, D. C., Halberg, F., Clarke, C., Haug, M., Schlegel, M. L., Synguelakis, M., Vourch, C., and Baulieu, E.-E. (1987). Neurosteroids: 3-ß-Hydroxy-delta-5-derivatives in rat and monkey brain.J. Ster. Biochem. 27: 649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, R. M., Bourne, P. G., Poe, R. O., Mougey, E. H., Collins, D. R., and Mason, J. W. (1969). Androgen responses to stress II. Excretion of testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone and etiocholanolone during basic combat training and under threat of attack.Psychosom. Med. 31: 418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld, R. S., Rosenberg, B. J., Fukushima, D. K., and Hellman, L. (1975). 24-Hour secretory pattern of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.J. Clin. Endrocrinol. Metab. 40: 850.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, T. D., and Keklem, J. E. (1983). Nutrient intake and hormonal status of premenopausal vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists and premenopausal nonvegetarians.Nutr. Cancer 4: 247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siklósi, G., Hintalan, A., Csomor, S., Bakos, L., Siklós, P., Olajos, F., and Marcsek. (1984). Episodic secretion of hormones and the diagnostic value of single blood estimates. III. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, cortisol.Acta Med. Hung. 41: 213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonka, J. (1976). Dehydroepiandrosterone—Metabolic effects.Acta Univ. Carol. Med. 53: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen, A. (1980). Adrenal androgens and aging. In Genazzani, A. R., Thijssen, J. H. H., and Siiteri, P. K. (eds.),Adrenal Androgens; Raven Press, New York, p. 215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, R. K. (1970). Physiological effects of Transcendental Meditation.Science 167: 1751.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, R. K., Dillbeck, M., Jacobe, E., and Harrington, B. (1982). The effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on the aging process.Int. J. Neurosci. 16: 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, R. K., Silver, J., Mills, P. J., Dillbeck, M. C., and Wagoner, D. E. (1983). Systolic biood pressure and long-term practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Effects of TM on systolic blood pressure.Psychosom. Med. 45: 41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, D. Y., Bulbrook, R. D., Herian, M., and Hayward, J. L. (1974). Studies on the sulphate esters of dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone in the blood of women with breast cancer.Eur. J. Cancer 19: 477.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Glaser, J.L., Brind, J.L., Vogelman, J.H. et al. Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs. J Behav Med 15, 327–341 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00844726

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00844726

Key words

Navigation