Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ESR and ENDOR of primary reactants in photosynthesis

  • Review
  • Published:
Biophysics of structure and mechanism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The primary reactants in photosynthesis are defined as the chemical entities on which charges are generated and stabilized after capture of a photon by the photochemical trap: PIX hv→ P * IX → P + I − X→ P + IX −, where P stands for the primary electron donor, P * for its excited singlet state, I for the ‘first’ (ESR-detectable) electron acceptor and X for the secondary acceptor complex. The ESR and ENDOR experiments which have played a rÔle in the identification and characterization of P, I, and X in the bacterial and plant photosystems are comprehensively reviewed. The structural and kinetic information obtained with magnetic resonance techniques are integrated with results obtained with optical spectroscopy to give a unified picture of the pathway of primary photochemistry in photosynthesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hoff AJ (1979) Phys Rep 54: 75–200

    Google Scholar 

  2. Trebst A, Avron M (1977) Encyclopedia of plant physiology new series, vol 5: Photosynthesis I, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  3. Duysens LNM (1952) Transfer of excitation energy in photosynthesis. Thesis, University of Utrecht

  4. Duysens LNM (1954) Nature 173: 692–693

    Google Scholar 

  5. Goedheer JC (1958) Brookhaven Symp Biol 11: 325–331

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fuhrop JH, Mauzerall D (1969) J Am Chem Soc 91: 4174–4181

    Google Scholar 

  7. Commoner B, Heise JJ, Townsend J (1956) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42: 710–718

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sogo P, Jost M, Calvin M (1959) Radiat Res (Suppl) 1: 511

    Google Scholar 

  9. Loach PA, Walsh K (1969) Biochemistry 8: 1908–1912

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bolton JR, Clayton RK, Reed DW (1969) Photochem Photobiol 9: 209–218

    Google Scholar 

  11. Loach PA, Sekura DL (1968) Biochemistry 7: 2642–2649

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wraight CA, Clayton RK (1973) Biochim Biophys Acta 333: 246–260

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mushlin RA, Gast P, Hoff AJ (unpublished results)

  14. McElroy JD, Feher G, Mauzerall DC (1969) Biochim Biophys Acta 172: 180–183

    Google Scholar 

  15. Corker GA, Sharpe SA (1974) Photochem Photobiol 19: 453–455

    Google Scholar 

  16. Schleyer H (1968) Biochim Biophys Acta 153: 427–447

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ruby RH, Kuntz ID, Calvin M (1964) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 51: 515–520

    Google Scholar 

  18. Clayton RK, Sistrom WR (1966) Photochem Photobiol 5: 661–668

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kuntz ID, Loach PA, Calvin M (1964) Biophys J 4: 227–249

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kohl DM, Townsend J, Commoner B, Crespi HL, Dougherty RC, Katz JJ (1965) Nature 206: 1105–1110

    Google Scholar 

  21. McElroy JD, Feher G, Mauzerall DC (1972) Biochim Biophys Acta 267: 363–374

    Google Scholar 

  22. Feher G, Hoff AJ, Isaacson RA, Ackerson LC (1975) Ann NY Acad Sci 244: 239–259

    Google Scholar 

  23. Druyan ME, Norris JR, Katz JJ (1973) J Am Chem Soc 95: 1682–1683

    Google Scholar 

  24. Norris JR, Uphaus RA, Crespi HL, Katz JJ (1971) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 625–628

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kip AP, Kittel C, Levy RA, Portis AM (1953) Phys Rev 91: 1066–1071

    Google Scholar 

  26. Feher G, Hoff AJ, McElroy JD, Isaacson RA (1973) Biophys J 13: 61a (abstr. WPM-H7)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Norris JR, Druyan ME, Katz JJ (1973) J Am Chem Soc 95: 1680–1682

    Google Scholar 

  28. Norris JR, Scheer H, Druyan ME, Katz JJ (1974) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 4897–4900

    Google Scholar 

  29. Norris JR, Scheer H, Katz JJ (1975) Ann NY Acad Sci 244: 260–280

    Google Scholar 

  30. Scheer H, Katz JJ, Norris JR (1977) J Am Chem Soc 99: 1372–1381

    Google Scholar 

  31. Borg DC, Forman A, Fajer J (1976) J Am Chem Soc 98: 6889–6893

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hoff AJ, Möbius K (1978) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 2296–2300

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fajer J, Davis MS, Holten JA, Parson WW, Thornber JP, Windsor MW (1977) 4th Int. Congr. on Photosynth, Reading, UK (abstr. 108)

  34. Fajer J, Davis MS, Brune DC, Forman A, Thornber JP (1978) J Am Chem Soc 100: 1918–1920

    Google Scholar 

  35. Katz JJ, Norris JR, Shipman LL, Thurnauer MC, Wasielewski MR (1978) Annu Rev Biophys Bioengin 7: 393–434

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hoff AJ (1982) In: Fong FK (ed) Light reaction pathway of photosynthesis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  37. Katz JJ, Norris JR (1973) In: Sanadi DR, Packer L (eds) Current topics bioenergetics, vol 5. Academic Press, New York, pp 41–75

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fong FK (1974) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 3692–3695

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wasielewski MR, Svec WA, Cope BT (1978) J Am Chem Soc 100: 1961–1962

    Google Scholar 

  40. Shipman LL, Cotton TM, Norris JR, Katz JJ (1976) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 1791–1794

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lutz M, Hoff AJ, Brehamet L (1982) Photochem Photobiol (in press)

  42. Hoff AJ (1982) In: Clarke RH (ed) Triplet state ODMR spectroscopy: Techniques and applications to biological systems, chap 9. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  43. Lubitz W, Lendzian F, Scheer H, Möbius K (1981) J Am Chem Soc 103: 4635–4637

    Google Scholar 

  44. Warden JT, Bolton JR (1974) Photochem Photobiol 20: 251–262

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kok B (1961) Biochim Biophys Acta 48: 527–533

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ke B, Sugahara K, Shaw ER (1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 408: 12–25

    Google Scholar 

  47. Calvin M, Androes GM (1962) Science 138: 867–873

    Google Scholar 

  48. Knaff DB, Malkin R (1973) Arch Biochem Biophys 159: 555–562

    Google Scholar 

  49. Evans MCW, Sihra CK, Slabas AR (1977) Biochem J 162: 75–85

    Google Scholar 

  50. Williams-Smith DL, Heathcote P, Sihra CK, Evans MCW (1978) Biochem J 170: 365–371

    Google Scholar 

  51. Setif P, Mathis P (1980) Arch Biochem Biophys 204: 477–485

    Google Scholar 

  52. Norris JR, Thurnauer MC, Bowman MK, Trifunac AD (1978) In: Dutton PL et al (eds) Frontiers of biological energetics, vol 1. Academic Press, New York, pp 581–592

    Google Scholar 

  53. Warden JT, Bolton JR (1972) J Am Chem Soc 94: 4352–4353

    Google Scholar 

  54. Warden JT, Bolton JR (1974) Photochem Photobiol 20: 263–269

    Google Scholar 

  55. Warden JT, Mohanty P, Bolton JR (1974) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 59: 872–878

    Google Scholar 

  56. Visser JWM, Rijgersberg CP, Amesz J (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 368: 235–246

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ke B, Sugahara K, Sahu S (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 449: 84–94

    Google Scholar 

  58. Ke B, Dolan E, Sugahara K, Hawkridge FM, Demeter S, Shaw ER (1977) In: Photosynthetic organelles. Special Issue: Plant Cell Physiol No 3: 187–199

    Google Scholar 

  59. Ke B, Demeter S, Zamaraev KI, Khairutdinov RF (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 546: 265–284

    Google Scholar 

  60. Bukhov NG, Karapetyan NV (1978) Mol Biol (Moscow) 12: 868–877

    Google Scholar 

  61. Bearden AJ, Malkin R (1977) Brookhaven Symp Biol 28: 247–266

    Google Scholar 

  62. Demeter S, Ke B (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 462: 770–774

    Google Scholar 

  63. Evans EH, Cammack R, Evans MCW (1976) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 68: 1212–1218

    Google Scholar 

  64. McIntosh AR, Chu M, Bolton JR (1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 376: 308–314

    Google Scholar 

  65. Evans MCW, Cammack R (1975) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 63: 187–193

    Google Scholar 

  66. Evans MCW, Sihra CK, Bolton JR, Cammack R (1975) Nature 256: 668–670

    Google Scholar 

  67. McIntosh AR, Bolton JR (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 430: 555–559

    Google Scholar 

  68. Wasielewski MR, Norris JR, Shipman LL, Lin CP, Svec WA (1981) Biophys J 33: 20a (abstr. M-AM-E7)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Olson JM, Thornber JP (1979) In: Capaldi RA (ed) Membrane proteins in energy transduction Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 279–340

    Google Scholar 

  70. Dutton PL, Prince RC, Tiede DM (1978) Photochem Photobiol 28: 939–949

    Google Scholar 

  71. Davis MR, Forman A, Fajer J (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4170–4174

    Google Scholar 

  72. Olson JM, Prince RC, Brune DC (1977) Brookhaven Symp Biol 28: 238–246

    Google Scholar 

  73. Swarthoff T, Amesz J (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 548: 427–432

    Google Scholar 

  74. Swarthoff T, van der Veek-Horsley KM, Amesz J (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 635: 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  75. Swarthoff T, Gast P, Hoff AJ (1981) FEBS Lett 127: 83–86

    Google Scholar 

  76. Swarthoff T, Gast P, Hoff AJ, Amesz J (1981) FEBS Lett 130: 93–98

    Google Scholar 

  77. Jennings JV, Evans MCW (1977) FEBS Lett 75: 33–36

    Google Scholar 

  78. Knaff DB, Olson JM, Prince RC (1979) FEBS Lett 98: 285–289

    Google Scholar 

  79. McElroy JD, Mauzerall DC, Feher G (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 333: 261–277

    Google Scholar 

  80. Lozier RH, Butler WL (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 333: 465–480

    Google Scholar 

  81. Visser JWM, Rijgersberg CP (1975) In: Avron M (ed) Proc 3rd Int Congr Photosynthesis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 397–402

    Google Scholar 

  82. Visser JWM, Rijgersberg CP, Gast P (1977) Biochim Biophys Acta 460: 36–46

    Google Scholar 

  83. Malkin R, Bearden AJ (1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 396: 250–259

    Google Scholar 

  84. Goldfield MG, Halikov RI, Hangulov SV, Kononenko AA, Knox PP (1978) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 85: 1199–1203

    Google Scholar 

  85. Van Gorkom HJ, Pulles MPJ, Wessels JSC (1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 408: 331–339

    Google Scholar 

  86. Ke B, Sahu S, Shaw E, Beinert H (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 347: 36–48

    Google Scholar 

  87. Slooten L (1972) Biochim Biophys Acta 275: 208–218

    Google Scholar 

  88. Clayton RK, Straley SC (1972) Biophys J 12: 1221–1234

    Google Scholar 

  89. McElroy JD, Feher G, Mauzerall D (1970) Biophys J 10: 204a (abstr. F-AM-E7)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Feher G (1971) Photochem Photobiol 14: 373–387

    Google Scholar 

  91. Loach PA, Hall RL (1972) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69: 786–790

    Google Scholar 

  92. Feher G, Okamura MY, McElroy JD (1972) Biochim Biophys Acta 267: 222–226

    Google Scholar 

  93. Feher G, Isaacson RA, McElroy JD, Ackerson LC, Okamura MY, (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 368: 135–139

    Google Scholar 

  94. Debrunner PG, Schulz CE, Feher G, Okamura MY (1975) Biophys J 15: 226a (abstr TH-PM-L12)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Butler WF, Johnston DC, Shore HB, Fredkin DR, Okamura MY, Feher G (1980) Biophys J 32: 967–992

    Google Scholar 

  96. Wraight CA (1978) FEBS Lett 93: 283–288

    Google Scholar 

  97. Okamura MY, Isaacson RA, Feher G (1978) Biophys J 21: 8a (abstr M-AM-A4)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Eisenberger PM, Okamura MY, Feher G (1980) Fed Proc (abstr 1036)

  99. Feher G, Okamura MY (1978) In: Clayton RK, Sistrom WR (eds) The photosynthetic bacteria. Plenum Press, New York, pp 349–386

    Google Scholar 

  100. Feher G, Okamura MY (1977) Brookhaven Symp Biol 28: 183–194

    Google Scholar 

  101. Blankenship RE, Parson WW (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 545: 429–444

    Google Scholar 

  102. Debus RJ, Okamura MY, Feher G (1981) Biophys J 33: 19a (abstr M-AM-E4)

    Google Scholar 

  103. Hales BJ (1975) J Am Chem Soc 97: 5993–5997

    Google Scholar 

  104. Hales BJ, Das Gupta A (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 548: 276–286

    Google Scholar 

  105. Vermeglio A (1977) Biochim Biophys Acta 459: 516–524

    Google Scholar 

  106. Wraight CA (1977) Biochim Biophys Acta 459: 525–531

    Google Scholar 

  107. Gast P, Hoff AJ (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 548: 520–535

    Google Scholar 

  108. Rafferty CN, Clayton RK (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 546: 189–206

    Google Scholar 

  109. Takamiya K, Dutton PL (1977) FEBS Lett 80: 279–284

    Google Scholar 

  110. Okamura MY, Debus RJ, Isaacson RA, Feher G (1980) Fed Proc (abstr 1037)

  111. Das MR, Connor HD, Leniart DS, Freed JH (1970) J Am Chem Soc 92: 2258–2268

    Google Scholar 

  112. Rutherford AW, Heathcote P, Evans MCW (1979) Biochem J 182: 515–523

    Google Scholar 

  113. Knaff DB, Malkin R (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 430: 244–252

    Google Scholar 

  114. Evans MCW (1977) In: Barber J (ed) The primary processes of photosynthesis, chap 10. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 434–464

    Google Scholar 

  115. Ke B (1973) Biochim Biophys Acta 301: 1–33

    Google Scholar 

  116. Malkin R, Bearden AJ (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 505: 147–181

    Google Scholar 

  117. Evans MCW, Reeves SG, Cammack R (1974) FEBS Lett 49: 111–114

    Google Scholar 

  118. Heathcote P, Williams-Smith DL, Sihra CK, Evans MCW (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 503: 333–342

    Google Scholar 

  119. Cammack R, Ryan MD, Stewart AC (1979) FEBS Lett 107: 442–446

    Google Scholar 

  120. Hootkins R, Malkin R, Bearden A (1981) FEBS Lett 123: 229–234

    Google Scholar 

  121. Evans MCW, Sihra CK, Cammack R (1976) Biochem J 158, 71–77

    Google Scholar 

  122. Dismukes GC, Sauer K (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 504: 431–445

    Google Scholar 

  123. Dutton PL, Leigh JS (1973) Biochim Biophys Acta 314: 178–190

    Google Scholar 

  124. Ke B (1972) Arch Biochem Biophys 152: 70–77

    Google Scholar 

  125. Ke B, Beinert H (1973) Biochim Biophys Acta 305: 689–693

    Google Scholar 

  126. Golbeck JH, Velthuys BR, Kok B (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 504: 226–230

    Google Scholar 

  127. Mathis P, Conjeaud H (1979) Photochem Photobiol 29: 833–837

    Google Scholar 

  128. Cammack R, Evans MCW (1975) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 67: 544–549

    Google Scholar 

  129. Heathcote P, Williams-Smith DL, Evans MCW (1978) Biochem J 170: 373–378

    Google Scholar 

  130. Prince RC, Thornber JP (1977) FEBS Lett 81: 233–237

    Google Scholar 

  131. Prince RC, Crowder MS, Bearden AJ (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta 592: 323–337

    Google Scholar 

  132. Blum H, Harmon HJ, Leigh JS, Salerno JC, Chance B (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 502: 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  133. Blum H, Salerno JC, Leigh JS (1978) J Magn Reson 30: 385–391

    Google Scholar 

  134. Malkin R, Barber J (1979) Arch Biochem Biophys 193: 169–178

    Google Scholar 

  135. Knaff DB (1975) FEBS Lett 60: 331–335

    Google Scholar 

  136. Stiehl HH, Witt HT (1969) Z Naturforsch 24b: 1588–1598

    Google Scholar 

  137. Van Gorkom HJ (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 347: 439–442

    Google Scholar 

  138. Nugent JHA, Diner BA, Evans MCW (1981) FEBS Lett 124: 241–244

    Google Scholar 

  139. Klimov VV, Allakhverdiev SI, Krasnovsky AA (1979) Dokl Akad Nauk 249: 485–488

    Google Scholar 

  140. Klimov VV, Dolan E, Shaw ER, Ke B (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 7227–7231

    Google Scholar 

  141. Bouges-Bocquet B (1973) Biochim Biophys Acta 314: 250–256

    Google Scholar 

  142. Velthuys BR, Amesz J (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 333: 85–94

    Google Scholar 

  143. Parson WW, Clayton RK, Cogdell RJ (1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 387: 265–278

    Google Scholar 

  144. Fajer J, Brune DC, Davis MS, Forman A, Spaulding LD (1975) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 4956–4960

    Google Scholar 

  145. Rockley MG, Windsor MW, Cogdell RJ, Parson WW (1975) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 2251–2255

    Google Scholar 

  146. Kaufmann KJ, Dutton PL, Netzel TL, Leigh LS, Rentzepis PM (1975) Science 188: 1301–1304

    Google Scholar 

  147. Rademaker H, Hoff AJ (1981) Biophys J 34: 325–344

    Google Scholar 

  148. Wraight CA, Leigh JS, Dutton PL, Clayton RK (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 333: 401–408

    Google Scholar 

  149. Rutherford AW, Evans MCW (1980) FEBS Lett 110: 257–261

    Google Scholar 

  150. Shuvalov VA, Klimov VV (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 440: 587–599

    Google Scholar 

  151. Tiede DM, Prince RC, Reed GH, Dutton PL (1976) FEBS Lett 65: 301–304

    Google Scholar 

  152. Okamura MY, Isaacson RA, Feher G (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 547: 394–417

    Google Scholar 

  153. Prince RC, Leigh JS, Dutton PL (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 440: 622–636

    Google Scholar 

  154. Prince RC, Tiede DM, Thornber JP, Dutton PL (1977) Biochim Biophys Acta 462: 467–490

    Google Scholar 

  155. Klimov VV, Shuvalov VA, Krakhmaleva IN, Klevanik AV, Krasnovskii AA (1977) Biokhimija 42: 519–530

    Google Scholar 

  156. Fajer J, Davis MS, Brune DC, Spaulding LD, Borg DC, Forman A (1977) Brookhaven Symp Biol 28: 74–104

    Google Scholar 

  157. Davis MS, Forman A, Hanson LK, Thornber JP, Fajer J (1979) J Phys Chem 83: 3325–3332

    Google Scholar 

  158. Prince RC (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 501: 195–207

    Google Scholar 

  159. Tiede DM, Prince RC, Dutton PL (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 449: 447–467

    Google Scholar 

  160. Feher G, Isaacson RA, Okamura MY (1977) Biophys J 17: 149a (abstr TH-AM-F12)

    Google Scholar 

  161. Van Grondelle R, Romijn JC, Holmes NG (1976) FEBS Lett 72: 187–192

    Google Scholar 

  162. Schepler KL, Dunham WR, Sands RH, Fee JH, Abeles RH (1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 399: 510–518

    Google Scholar 

  163. Sauer K, Mathis P, Acker S, Van Best JA (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 503: 120–134

    Google Scholar 

  164. Mathis P, Sauer K, Remy R (1978) FEBS Lett 88: 275–278

    Google Scholar 

  165. Baltimore BG, Malkin R (1980) FEBS Lett 110: 50–52

    Google Scholar 

  166. Thornber JP, Alberte RS, Hunter FA, Shiozawa JA, Kan K-S (1977) Brookhaven Symp Biol 28: 132–148

    Google Scholar 

  167. Uphaus RA, Norris JR, Katz JJ (1974) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 61: 1057–1063

    Google Scholar 

  168. Fujita I, Davis MS, Fajer J (1978) J Am Chem Soc 100: 6280–6282

    Google Scholar 

  169. Shuvalov VA, Dolan E, Ke B (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 770–773

    Google Scholar 

  170. Shuvalov VA, Ke B, Dolan E (1979) FEBS Lett 100: 5–8

    Google Scholar 

  171. Baltimore BG, Malkin R (1980) Photochem Photobiol 31: 485–490

    Google Scholar 

  172. Heathcote P, Evans MCW (1980) FEBS Lett 111: 381–385

    Google Scholar 

  173. Fajer J, Davis MS, Forman A, Klimov VV, Dolan E, Ke B (1980) J Am Chem Soc 102: 7143–7145

    Google Scholar 

  174. Hoff AJ, Lendzian F, Lubitz W, Möbius K (1982) Chem Phys Lett 85: 3–8

    Google Scholar 

  175. Klimov VV, Klevanik AV, Shuvalov VA, Krasnovskii AA (1977) FEBS Lett 82: 183–186

    Google Scholar 

  176. Rademaker H, Hoff AJ, Duysens LNM (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 546: 248–255

    Google Scholar 

  177. Klimov VV, Allakhverdiev SI, Demeter S, Krasnovsky AA (1979) Dokl Akad Nauk 249: 227–230

    Google Scholar 

  178. Rutherford AW, Mullet JE, Crofts AR (1981) FEBS Lett 123: 235–237

    Google Scholar 

  179. Klimov VV, Dolan E, Ke B (1980) FEBS Lett 112: 97–100

    Google Scholar 

  180. Blankenship RE, Parson WW (1978) Annu Rev Biochem 47: 635–653

    Google Scholar 

  181. Blankenship RE, Parson WW (1979) In: Barber J (ed) Photosynthesis in relation to model systems, chap 3. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 71–114

    Google Scholar 

  182. Godik VI, Borisov AY (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 548: 296–308

    Google Scholar 

  183. Godik VI, Borisov AY (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta 593: 182–193

    Google Scholar 

  184. Van Bochove AC, van Grondelle R, Duysens LNM (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc 6th Int. Congress on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  185. Parson WW, Monger TG (1977) Brookhaven Symp Biol 28: 195–212

    Google Scholar 

  186. Dutton PL, Leigh JS, Seibert M (1971) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46: 406–413

    Google Scholar 

  187. Leigh JS, Dutton PL (1974) Biochim Biophys Acta 357: 67–77

    Google Scholar 

  188. Schaafsma TJ, Kleibeuker JF, Platenkamp RJ, Geerse P (1976) In: Proc 12th Eur. Congr. Molec. Spectroscopy, Strasbourg, France, pp 491–494

  189. Thurnauer MC, Katz JJ, Norris JR (1975) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 3270–3274

    Google Scholar 

  190. Hoff AJ (1981) Q Rev Biophys 14: 599–665

    Google Scholar 

  191. Norris JR, Uphaus RA, Katz JJ (1975) Chem Phys Lett 31: 157–161

    Google Scholar 

  192. Thurnauer MC, Norris JR (1977) Chem Phys Lett 47: 100–105

    Google Scholar 

  193. Clarke RH, Connors RE, Frank HA, Hoch JC (1977) Chem Phys Lett 45: 523–528

    Google Scholar 

  194. Levanon H, Norris JR (1978) Chem Rev 78: 185–198

    Google Scholar 

  195. Gast P, Hoff AJ (1978) FEBS Lett 85: 183–188

    Google Scholar 

  196. Mushlin RA, Gast P, Hoff AJ (1980) Chem Phys Lett 76: 542–547

    Google Scholar 

  197. Hoff AJ (1976) Biochim Biophys Acta 440: 765–771

    Google Scholar 

  198. Hoff AJ, Gorter de Vries H (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 503: 94–106

    Google Scholar 

  199. Clarke RH, Connors RE, Norris JR, Thurnauer MC (1975) J Am Chem Soc 97: 7178–7179

    Google Scholar 

  200. Clarke RH, Connors RE, Frank HA (1976) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 71: 671–675

    Google Scholar 

  201. Hoff AJ, Cornelissen B (1982) Mol Phys (in press)

  202. HÄgele WU (1977) Thesis, University of Stuttgart

  203. Clarke RH (ed) (1981) Triplet state ODMR Spectroscopy: Techniques and applications to biological systems. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  204. Kooyman RPH, Schaafsma TJ (1980) J Mol Struct 60: 373–380

    Google Scholar 

  205. Schweitzer D, Hausser KH, Taglieber V, Staab HA (1976) Chem Phys 14: 183–189

    Google Scholar 

  206. Goldacker W, Hausser KH, Schweitzer D, Staab HA (1979) J Lumin 18/19: 415–419

    Google Scholar 

  207. Thurnauer MC, Norris JR (1976) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 73: 501–506

    Google Scholar 

  208. Thurnauer MC, Norris JR (1977) Chem Phys Lett 47: 100–105

    Google Scholar 

  209. Boxer SG, Roelofs MG (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5636–5640

    Google Scholar 

  210. Frank HA, Bolt J, Friesner R, Sauer K (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 547: 502–511

    Google Scholar 

  211. Frank HA, Friesner R, Nairn JA, Dismukes GC, Sauer K (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta 547: 484–501

    Google Scholar 

  212. Vermeglio A, Breton J, Paillotin G, Cogdell R (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 501: 514–530

    Google Scholar 

  213. Frank HA, McLean MB, Sauer K (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5124–5128

    Google Scholar 

  214. Rutherford AW, Paterson DR, Mullet JE (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis. Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  215. Holten D, Windsor M, Parson WW, Gouterman M (1978) Photochem Photobiol 28: 951–961

    Google Scholar 

  216. Blankenship RE, McGuire A, Sauer K (1975) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 4943–4947

    Google Scholar 

  217. McIntosh AR, Bolton JR (1976) Nature 263: 443–445

    Google Scholar 

  218. Dismukes GC, McGuire A, Blankenship R, Sauer K (1978) Biophys J 21: 239–256

    Google Scholar 

  219. Friesner R, Dismukes GC, Sauer K (1979) Biophys J 25: 277–294

    Google Scholar 

  220. McIntosh AR, Manikowski H, Bolton JR (1979) J Phys Chem 83: 3309–3313

    Google Scholar 

  221. McIntosh AR, Manikowski H, Wong SK, Taylor CPS, Bolton JR (1979) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 87: 605–612

    Google Scholar 

  222. McIntosh AR, Manikowski H, Bolton JR (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  223. Sauer K, Frank HA, McCracken JL (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  224. Warden JT, Adrianowycz OL (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  225. Hoff AJ, Gast P, Romijn JC (1977) FEBS Lett 73: 185–190

    Google Scholar 

  226. Hoff AJ, Gast P (1979) J Phys Chem 83: 3355–3358

    Google Scholar 

  227. Blankenship RE (1981) Acc Chem Res 14: 163–170

    Google Scholar 

  228. Pedersen JB (1979) FEBS Lett 97: 305–310

    Google Scholar 

  229. Gast P, Mushlin RA, Hoff AJ (1982) J Phys Chem (in press)

  230. Haberkorn R, Michel-Beyerle ME, Marcus RA (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4185–4188

    Google Scholar 

  231. Shuvalov VA, Parson WW (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 957–961

    Google Scholar 

  232. Shuvalov VA, Parson WW (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  233. Kaplan DE, Browne ME, Lowen JA (1961) Rev Sci Instrum 32: 1182–1186

    Google Scholar 

  234. Mims WB, Nassau K, McGee JD (1961) Phys Rev 123: 2059–2069

    Google Scholar 

  235. Thurnauer MC, Bowman MK, Norris JR (1979) FEBS Lett 100: 309–312

    Google Scholar 

  236. Thurnauer MC, Norris JR (1980) Chem Phys Lett 76: 557–561

    Google Scholar 

  237. Nishi N, Hoff AJ, Van der Waals JH (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta 590: 74–88

    Google Scholar 

  238. Nishi N, Hoff AJ, Schmidt J, Van der Waals JH (1978) Chem Phys Lett 58: 164–170

    Google Scholar 

  239. Gast P, Mushlin RA, Hoff AJ (1981) In: Akoyunoglu, G. (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  240. Bowman MK, Norris JR (1981) J Am Chem Soc (in press)

  241. Hoff AJ, Gast P, Isaacson RA, Feher G (1981) In: Akoyunoglu G (ed) Proc. 5th Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, Halkidiki, Greece, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  242. Borg DC, Fajer J, Felton RH, Dolphin D (1970) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67: 813–820

    Google Scholar 

  243. Fajer J, Borg DC, Forman A, Felton RH, Dolphin D, Vegh L (1974) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 994–998

    Google Scholar 

  244. Fajer J, Forman A, Davis MS, Spaulding LD, Brune DC, Felton RH (1977) J Am Chem Soc 99: 4134–4140

    Google Scholar 

  245. Kleibeuker JF, Schaafsma TJ (1974) Chem Phys Lett 29: 116–122

    Google Scholar 

  246. Swarthoff T, Gast P, van der Veek-Horsley KM, Hoff AJ, Amesz J (1981) FEBS Lett 131: 331–334

    Google Scholar 

  247. Forman A, Davis MS, Fujita I, Hanson LK, Smith KM, Fajer J (1981) Isr J Chem (in press)

  248. Rutherford AW, Mullet JE (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 635: 225–235

    Google Scholar 

  249. Rutherford AW, Paterson DR, Mullet JE (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 635: 205–214

    Google Scholar 

  250. Hales BJ, Case EE (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 637: 291–302

    Google Scholar 

  251. Hiyama T, Fork DC (1980) Arch Biochem Biophys 199: 488–496

    Google Scholar 

  252. Asa R, Bergström J, Vånngård T (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 637: 118–123

    Google Scholar 

  253. Setif P, Hervo G, Mathis P (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 638: 257–267

    Google Scholar 

  254. Bowman MK, Budil DE, Closs GL, Kosta AG, Wraight CA, Norris JR (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 3305–3307

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory of the State University, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300, RA Leiden, The Netherlands

    A. J. Hoff

Authors
  1. A. J. Hoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Nomenclature of Primary Reactants

In the interest of uniformity this review introduces a nomenclature of the primary reactants that deviates in some respects from the commonly used labels. The nametags used here and listed below are abbreviations of the molecules that are identified as primary reactants, with the exception of the donors, for which I have retained the commonly accepted designation. Photosystems: PS 1, photosystem 1 of plants; PS 2, photosystem 2 of plants; pBPS, the photosystem of purple bacteria; gBPS, ditto of green bacteria. P: Primary donors: P700 (PS 1), P680 (PS 2), P860 (generic label for BChl a containing purple bacteria), P960 (generic label for BChl b containing purple bacteria), P840 (generic name for green bacteria). I: ‘First’ acceptors: Chl a (PS 1), Ph a (PS 2), BPh a,b (pBPS). X: Secondary acceptors: F x (PS 1), pQ 1 (PS 2), uQ 1 or mQ 1 (pBPS), B (gBPS). Tertiary acceptors: F A,B (PS 1), pQ 2 (PS 2), uQ 2 (pBPS), F 1 (gBPS).

This paper is based on a lecture given at the Joint Meeting of the Belgium, German (FRG), and Netherlands Societies for Biophysics, Aachen 1980

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hoff, A.J. ESR and ENDOR of primary reactants in photosynthesis. Biophys. Struct. Mechanism 8, 107–150 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00535455

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00535455

Key words

Search

Navigation