A comparison of techniques for the measurement of transepidermal water loss

Summary

An Evaporimeter and a ventilated chamber technique have been compared in their ability to measure transepidermal water loss (TEWL) through rat skin. These techniques measure TEWL under very different conditions; the Evaporimeter measures the net TEWL under ambient relative humidity (RH) whereas the ventilated chamber employs a constant atmosphere, usually of low RH and thus measured the uni-directional diffusion of water. Paired Evaporimeter and ventilated chamber measurements were made of TEWL through normal skin and through skin whose barrier properties had been altered by tape-stripping (15 applications) or single applications of n-hexadecane (28.4 μmol cm⁻²). Both measuring techniques indicated the same level of TEWL through normal skin (mean 0.3 mg cm⁻² h⁻¹) and during increases in TEWL induced by n-hexadecane (max TEWL c 3.5 mg cm⁻² h⁻¹). However, the Evaporimeter was found to underestimate the higher rates of TEWL induced by tape-stripping, ie above TEWL rates of 7.5 mg cm⁻² h⁻¹. The Evaporimeter is portable, easy to use and suitable for measurements of net water loss up to 7.5 mg cm⁻² h⁻¹; it can only be used for comparative assessments of epidermal barrier function if used at a particular ambient RH. The more cumbersome ventilated chamber is to be preferred for accurate assessments of barrier function where high rates of TEWL occur.