Zusammenfassung
Werden Katzen von Geburt an ohne gestaltete visuelle Stimulation der beiden Augen aufgezogen, so ergibt sich eine Beeinträchtigung des visuell gesteuerten Verhaltens. Die Formunterscheidung zeigt sich nach einer solchen Deprivation dann als verhältnismäßig intakt, wenn die Prüfprozedur nicht durch das geschädigte Orientierungsverhalten beeinflußt wird. Experimentelle Analysen haben in jüngster Zeit ergeben, daß die bei Bewegung in normaler Umgebung entstehende visuelle Rückkoppelung die Komponente darstellt, deren Fehlen in den Deprivationsversuchen für die Beeinträchtigung des visuell gesteuerten Verhaltens verantwortlich ist. Diese Experimente gestatten es, die beiden Augen in bezug auf ihre Leistung bei der Bewegungskontrolle (aber nicht in bezug auf ihre Formunterscheidung) zu dissoziieren. Damit zusammenhängende Untersuchungen der Adaptation an veränderte optische Bedingungen haben eine starke Labilität des visuell gesteuerten Verhaltens, aber nur eine beschränkte Modifizierbarkeit der Formwahrnehmung ergeben. Jene Veränderungen der Formwahrnehmung, die sich zeigen, sind wohl aufzufassen als Folge einer Änderung der Lokalisation der Figurteile im Raum. Die Modifizierbarkeit der Formwahrnehmung ist begrenzt durch die Festgelegtheit des die Formanalyse durchführenden Systems. Einige Implikationen dieser Untersuchungen in bezug auf die Entwicklung der Formwahrnehmung werden diskutiert.
Summary
Deficiency in visually-guided behaviors is the dominant effect of rearing kittens from birth without patterned visual stimulation of the two eyes. Following such deprivation, form discrimination is found relatively intact when the effects of the deficient orienting behavior are eliminated from the testing procedure. Recent experimental analyses implicate visual feedback contingent upon movement in a normal environment as the condition responsible for the losses in visuallyguided behavior produced by deprivation of patterned stimulation. Using the techniques of these experiments, the two eyes may be dissociated with respect to their ability to control movement but not in their performance of shape discrimination. Related research on adaptation to optical rearrangement has shown a high degree of lability in visually-guided behavior but only limited modifiability in perception of shape. It is suggested that the modification of a shape that does occur results from altered localization of its parts in space. The measurable modification of shape is limited by the fixedness of the pattern analyzing system. Certain implications for the earliest development of shape discrimination are drawn.
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The research of the author and collaborators has been supported by grant NIH MH-07642 and NASA grant NsG-496.
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Held, R. Dissociation of visual functions by deprivation and rearrangement. Psychol. Forsch. 31, 338–348 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422718
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422718