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The suitability of several aquatic snails as intermediate hosts for Angiostrongylus cantonensis

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Summary

Sixteen species of aquatic snails of four families were tested by quantitative technique under standardized conditions for their suitability as intermediate hosts for Angiostrongylus cantonensis. These species were the planorbid snails Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbis intermixtus, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus contortus, Bulinus africanus, Bulinus tropicus and Helisoma sp.; the lymnaeid snails Lymnaea natalensis, Lymnaea tomentosa, Lymnaea stagnalis, and Stagnicola elodes; the physid snail Physa acuta (an Egyptian and a German strain) and the ampullariid snails Marisa cornuarietis and Lanistes carinatus.

All these snail species proved to be susceptible to infection with A. cantonensis, and first stage larvae reached the infective third stage in all of them. However, the rate and intensity of infection varied with different species. B. glabrata was the most susceptible snail species with a 100% infection rate and an average percentage recovery of third stage larvae of 26.1. This was followed by S. elodes and B. africanus, with a 100% infection rate and an average percentage recovery of third stage larvae of 15.6 and 14.6 respectively. The rest of snail species proved to be less susceptible.

For comparative evaluation of the suitability of the various snail species as intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis a “Capacity Index” was determined. This index should provide a useful method for the evaluation of the suitability of various snails as intermediate hosts of nematode parasites under standardized conditions in the laboratory.

Zusammenfassung

In quantitativen Untersuchungen wurden 16 Arten von Wasserschnekken aus 4 verschiedenen Familien unter standardisierten Bedingungen auf ihre Eignung als Zwischenwirte für Angiostrongylus cantonensis überprüft. Im einzelnen wurden die Arten Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbis intermixtus, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus contortus, Bulinus africanus, Bulinus tropicus und Helisoma sp. aus der Familie Planorbidae, Lymnaea natalensis, Lymnaea tomentosa, Lymnaea stagnalis und Stagnicola elodes aus der Familie Lymnaeidae, Physa acuta (ein ägyptischer und ein deutscher Stamm) aus der Familie Physidae sowie Marisa cornuarietis und Lanistes carinatus aus der Familie Ampullariidae verwendet.

Alle Schneckenarten erwiesen sich empfänglich für A cantonensis und erste Larven entwickelten sich zum dritten infektiösen Stadium. Die Infektionsrate sowie die Befallsrate der Schnecken gemessen am prozentualen Anteil der nachgewiesenen dritten Larven war bei verschiedenen Arten jedoch sehr unterschiedlich. B. glabrata erwies sich mit einer Infektionsrate von 100% und einem prozentualen Anteil sich entwickelter dritten Larven von 26,1 als die empfänglichste Art, gefolgt von S. elodes und B. africanus mit einer Infektionsrate von ebenfalls 100% und einer Befallsrate von 15,6 bzw. 14,6%. Die übrigen Schneckenarten zeigten alle eine geringere Empfänglichkeit.

Für eine vergleichende Bewertung der Eignung verschiedener Schneckenarten als Zwischenwirte von A. cantonensis wurde ein sogenannter “Capacity Index” bestimmt, der unter standardisierten Bedingungen im Laboratorium als eine brauchbare Methode zur Bewertung der Eignung verschiedener Schneckenarten als Zwischenwirte für parasitische Nematoden angesehen werden kann.

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Yousif, F., Lämmler, G. The suitability of several aquatic snails as intermediate hosts for Angiostrongylus cantonensis . Z. F. Parasitenkunde 47, 203–210 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418203

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