Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of a willow (Salix sp.) stand grown in the field in northern Sweden was measured on several occasions during the growing season of 1987. For leaves that received mostly full daylight, the F V/F P ratio declined roughtly 15% in the afternoon on cloudless days in July (F P is the fluorescence at the peak of the induction curve obtained at the prevailing air temperature after 45 min of dark adaptation, and F V is variable fluoresence, F V=F P-F O, where F O is minimal fluorescence). There was no decrease in the F V/F P ratio on cloudy days, while the effect was intermediate on changeable days. In view of this light dependence, together with the fact that the decline in the F V/F P ratio was paralleled with an equal decline in the corresponding fluorescence ratio F V/F M at 77K, and a similar decline in the maximum quantum yield of O2 evolution, it is suggested that the decline in the F V/F P ratio represents a damage in photosyntem II attributable to photoinhibition. Recovery of the F V/F P ratio in dim light following a decline on a cloudless day took 7–16 h to go to completion; the F V/F P ratio was fully restored the following morning. When all active leaves of a peripheral shoot were compared, the F V/F P ratio in the afternoon of a day of bright light varied greatly from leaf to leaf, though the majority of leaves showed a decline. This variation was matched by a pronounced variation in intercepted photon flux density. When leaves developed in the shade were exposed to full sunlight by trimming of the stand an increased sensitivity to photoinhibition was observed as compared to peripheral leaves. The present study indicates that peripheral willow shoots experienced in the order of 10–20% photoinhibition during an appreciable part of their life. This occurred even though the environmental conditions were within the optimal range of photosynthesis and growth.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- F O :
-
minimum fluorescence
- F P :
-
fluorescence at the peak of the induction curve obtained at normal ambient temperatures
- F V :
-
variable fluorescence
- F M :
-
maximum fluorescence obtained at 77K
- PPFD:
-
photosynthetic photon flux density
References
Adams, W.W., III, Smith, S.D., Osmond, C.B. (1987) Photoinhibition of the CAM succulent Opuntia basilaris growing in Death Valley: evidence from 77K fluorescence and quantum yield. Oecologia 71, 221–228
Björkman, O., Powles, S.P. (1984) Inhibition of photosynthetic reactions under water stress: interaction with light level. Planta 161, 490–504
Bradbury, M., Baker, N.R. (1983) Analysis of the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves and isolated thylakoids: contributions of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 220, 251–264
Butler, W.L. (1978) Energy distribution in the photochemical apparatus of photosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29, 345–378
Delieu, T., Walker, D.A. (1981) Polarographic measurement of photosynthetic oxygen evolution by leaf discs. New Phytol. 89, 165–178
Demmig, B., Björkman, O. (1987) Comparison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence (77K) and photon yield of O2 evolution in leaves of higher plants. Planta 171, 171–184
Duysens, L.N.M., Sweers, H.E. (1963) Mechanism of two photochemical reactions in algae as studied by means of fluorescence. In: Studies on microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria, pp. 353–372, Japan Soc. Plant Physiol., ed. Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo
Farage, P.K., Long, S.P. (1987) Damage to maize photosynthesis in the field during periods when chilling is combined with high photon fluxes. In: Progress in photosynthesis research (Proc. VIIth Int. Congress on Photosynthesis, vol. 4) pp. 139–142, Biggins, J., ed. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Hodges, M., Barber, J. (1983) Photosynthetic adaptation of pea plants grown at different light intensities: State 1-State 2 transitions and associated chlorophyll fluorescence changes. Planta 157, 166–173
Krause, G.H., Briantais, J.-M., Vernotte, C. (1983) Characterization of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in chloroplasts by fluorescence spectroscopy at 77K. I. ΔpH-dependent quenching. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 723, 169–175
Küppers, M., Wheeler, A.M., Küppers, B.I.L., Kirschbaum, M.U.F., Farquhar, G.D. (1986) Carbon fixation in eucalyptus in the field Analysis of diurnal variations in photosynthetic capacity. Oecologia 70, 272–282
Lavorel, J., Etienne, A.-L. (1977) In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence. In: Primary processes of photosynthesis, pp. 203–268, Barber, J., ed. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press
Ludlow, M.M., Björkman, O. (1984) Paraheliotropic leaf movement in Siratro as a protective mechanism against drought-induced damage to primary photosynthetic reactions: damage by excessive light and heat. Planta 161, 505–518
Ögren, E., Öquist, G. (1984a) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Lemna gibba as induced by the interaction between light and temperature. II. Photosynthetic electron transport. Physiol. Plant 62, 187–192
Ögren, E., Öquist, G. (1984b) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Lemna gibba as induced by the interaction between light and temperature. III. Chlorophyll fluorescence at 77K. Physiol. Plant. 62, 193–200
Ögren, E., Öquist, G., Hällgren, J.-E. (1984) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Lemna gibba as induced by the interaction between light and temperature. I. Photosynthesis in vivo. Physiol. Plant. 62, 181–186
Öquist, G., Ögren, E. (1985) Effects of winter stress on photosynthetic electron transport and energy distribution between the two photosystems of pine as assayed by chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. Photosynth. Res. 7, 19–30
Öquist, G., Wass, R. (1988) A portable, microprocessor operated instrument for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in stress physiology. Physiol. Plant., in press
Osmond, C.B. (1983) Interactions between irradiance, nitrogen nutrition, and water stress in the sun-shade responses of Solanum dulcamara. Oecologia 57, 316–321
Papageorgiou, G. (1975) Chlorophyll fluorescence: An intrinsic probe of photosynthesis. In: Bioenergetics of photosynthesis, pp. 319–371, Govindjee, ed. Academic Press, New York
Powles, S.B. (1984) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible light. Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 35, 15–44
Powles, S.B., Critchley, C. (1980) Effect of light intensity during growth on photoinhibition of intact attached bean leaflets. Plant Physiol. 65, 1181–1187
Robinson, H.H., Croft, A.R. (1983) Kinetics of the oxidation-reduction reactions of the photosystem II quinone acceptor complex and the pathway for deactivation. FEBS Lett. 153, 221–226
Strand, M., Lundmark, R. (1987) Effects of low night temperature and light on chlorophyll fluorecsence of field-grown seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Tree Physiol. (in press)
Tenhunen, J.D., Lange, O.L., Gebel, J., Beyschlag, W., Weber, J.A. (1984) Changes in photosynthetic capacity, carboxylation efficiency, and CO2 compensation point associated with midday stomatal closure and midday depression of net CO2 exchange of leaves of Quercus suber. Planta 162, 193–203
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ögren, E. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in willow leaves under field conditions. Planta 175, 229–236 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392432
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392432