Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morphological variability of the human chromosomes in two Indian populations — Rajputs and Punjabis

  • Original Investigations
  • Published:
Humangenetik Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Karyotypic evaluation of 100 Rajputs and 100 Punjabis revealed different frequencies of Y chromosome polymorphism and minor chromosome variants. Long Y chromosome were observed in 5% of the Rajputs and 3% of the Punjabis. The Y indices of Rajputs were consistently higher than those of Punjabis. Significant differences were noted between Rajputs and Punjabis with respect to the 5 Y indices. Significant differences were also found when these 2 populations were compared with different populations of the world. Minor chromosome variants were observed in 18% of the Rajputs and 19% of the Punjabis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Battaglia, E., Guanti, G., Barsanti, P., Petrinelli, P.: Chromosomal survey in 298 normal subjects and 1253 cases of congenital disorders during 1966–1970. Acta Genet. med. (Roma) 20, 123–173 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, M. A., Gooch, P. C.: An unusually long human Y chromosome. Lancet 1961 II, 463–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, A., Blank, C. E., Hunter, H.: Heritable variation in the human Y chromosome. Lancet 1962 II, 18–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobrow, M., Pearson, P. L., Pike, M. C., El-Alfi, O. S.: Length variation in the quinacrine-binding segment of human Y chromosome of different size. Cytogenetics 10, 190–198 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bochkov, N. P., Kuleshov, N. P., Chebotarev, A. N., Alekhin, V. I., Midian, S. A.: Population cytogenetic investigation of newborns in Moscow. Humangenetik 22, 139–152 (1974)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chapelle, A. de la, Aula, P., Kivalo, E.: Enlarged short arm or satellite region — a heritable trait probably unassociated with developmental disorder. Cytogenetics 2, 129–139 (1963a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapelle, A. de la, Hortling, H., Edgrn, J., Kaariainen, R.: Evidence for the existence of heritable large Y chromosomes unassociated with developmental disorders — a cytogenetical and clinical study of four males with hypogonadism, one with mongolism and their relatives. Hereditas (Lund) 50, 351–360 (1963b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. M., Shaw, M. W., Mac Cluer, J. W.: Racial differences in the length of human Y chromosomes. Cytogenetics 5, 34–52 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conen, P. E., Bailey, J. D., Allemang, W. H., Thompson, D. W., Ezrin, C.: A probable partial deletion of the Y chromosome in an intersex patient. Lancet 1961 II, 294–295

  • Court Brown, W. M.: Human population cytogenetics. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig-Holmes, A. P., Moore, F. B., Shaw, M. W.: Polymorphism of human C-band heterochromatin, 1. Frequency of variants. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 25, 181–192 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craig-Holmes, A. P., Shaw, M. W.: Polymorphism of human constitutive heterochromatin. Science 174, 702–704 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson-Smith, M. A.: Human chromosomes in meiosis. In: Human genetics (eds. Grouchy, Ebling and Henderson), pp. 195–211. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich, U., Nielsen, J.: Chromosome studies in 5049 consecutive newborn children. Clin. Genet. 4, 333–343 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griepenberg, U.: Size variation and orientation of the human Y chromosome. Chromosoma (Berl.) 15, 618–629 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamerton, J. L., Ray, M., Abbot, A., Williamson, C., Ducasse, G. C.: Chromosome studies in a neonatal population. Canad. med. Ass. J. 106, 776–779 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, H.: The Y chromosome in selected groups of men of the Polish population. Bull. Acad. pol. Sci.: Ser. Sci. Biol. 19, 467–472 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, P. A., Harden, D. G., cf. Penrose, L. S.: Mongolism. Brit. med. Bull. 17, 184–189 (1961)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeske, J., Huebner, H.: A familial variant of the Y chromosome. Endokr. pol. 21, 411–414 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kadotani, T., Ohama, K., Takahara, H., Makino, S.: Studies on the Y chromosome in human males from fertile and infertile couples. Jap. J. hum. Genet. 16, 35–41 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Källen, B., Levan, A.: Abnormal length of chromosomes 21 and 22 in four patients with Marfan's syndrome. Cytogenetics 1, 5–19 (1962)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, Y., Sandberg, A.: Chronology and pattern of human chromosome replication. II. Autoradiographic behaviour of various Y and X chromosomes. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 34, 795–813 (1965)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klinger, H. P., cf. Fraccaro, M., Lindsten, H.: The nature, origin and genetic implications of structural abnormalities of the sex chromosomes in man. In: Cytogenetics of cells in culture, pp. 27–110. New York: Academic Press 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Knuutila, S., Gripenberg, U.: The fluorescence pattern of a human Yq+ chromosome. Hereditas (Lund) 70, 307–308 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Laberge, C., Gagne, R.: Quinacrine mustard staining solves the length variation of the human Y chromosome. Johns Hopk. Med. J. 128, 79–83 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lins, L. E., Sundequist, U.: Y/E index in a Swedish population. Acta Genet. med. (Roma) 20, 211–216 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubs, H. A., Ruddle, F. H.: Chromosomal abnormalities in the human population: estimation of rates based on New Haven new born study. Science 169, 495–497 (1970a)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lubs, H. A., Ruddle, F. H.: Application of quantitative karyotype to chromosome variation in 4400 consecutive new borns. In: Human population cytogenetics (eds. P. A. Jacobs, W. H. Price, P. Law), pp. 120–142. Edinburgh: University Press 1970b

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubs, H. A., Ruddle, F. H.: Chromosome polymorphism in American Negro and White populations. Nature (Lond.) 233, 134–136 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Makino, S., Muramoto, J.: Some observations on the variability of the Y chromosome. Proc. Jap. Acad. 40, 757–761 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Makino, S., Sasaki, M. S., Yamada, K., Kajii, T.: A long Y chromosome in man. Chromosoma (Berl.) 14, 154–161 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Makino, S., Takagi, N.: Some morphological aspects of the abnormal human Y chromosome. Cytologia (Tokyo) 30, 273–292 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Kenzie, W. H., Hostelter, T. L., Lubs, H. A.: Y family study: heritable variation in the length of the human Y chromosome. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 24, 686–693 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meisner, L. L., Inhorn, S. L.: Normal male development with Y chromosome long arm deletion (Yq-). J. med. Genet. 9, 373–377 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mikelsaar, A.-V. N., Tuur, S. J., Kaosaar, M. E.: Human karyotype polymorphism. I. Routine and fluorescence microscopic investigation of chromosomes in a normal adult population. Humangenetik 20, 89–102 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moorhead, P. S., Nowell, P. C., Mellman, W. J., Battips, D. M., Hungerford, D. A.: Chromosome preparations of leukocytes cultured from human peripheral blood. Exp. Cell Res. 20, 613–616 (1960)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muldal, S., Ockey, C. H.: Muscular dystrophy and deletions of Y chromosomes. Lancet 1961 II, 601

  • Nakagome, Y., Sasaki, M., Matusi, I., Kawazura, M., Fakuyama, Y.: A mentally retarded boy with a minute chromosome. J. Pediat. 67, 1163–1167 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, J.: Large Y and enlarged short arms of a small acrocentric chromosome. Hereditas (Lund) 61, 416–421 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, J., Friedrich, U.: Length of the Y chromosome in criminal males. Clin. Genet. 3, 281–285 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, J., Henriksen, R.: Incidence of chromosome aberrations among males in a Danish youth prison. Acta psychiat. scand. 48, 87–102 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuzzo, F., Bompiani, A., Moneta, E., Caviezel, F., Mussinelli, P.: Observations on some of structural variations in the Y chromosome in man. Atti Ass. Genet. Ital. 12, 191–201 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuzzo, F., Caviegel, F., Carli, L.de.: Y chromosome and exclusion of paternity. Lancet 1966 I, 260–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. A., Buckton, K. A.: Quinacrine fluorescence of variant and abnormal human Y chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 35, 342–352 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sands, V. E.: Short arm enlargement of acrocentric chromosomes. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 21, 293–304 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schnedl, W.: Analysis of the length variation in the human Y chromosome by aids of the quinacrine fluorochrome method. Humangenetik 12, 188–194 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soudek, D., Longmuir, V., Stewart, D. J.: Variation in the nonfluorescent segment of long Y chromosome. Humangenetik 18, 285–290 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, C., Centerwall, W. R., Sarkar, S. S.: New data on the problem of Y-linkage of hairy pinnae. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 16, 455–471 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugahara, T., Sakurai, M.: Chromosome studies in a family with an abnormally large Y chromosome. Jap. J. hum. Genet. 12, 190–196 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Surana, R. B., Forbath, P., Conen, P. E.: Minute Y chromosome. Ann. Génét. 14, 145–148 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishler, P. V., Lamborot-Manzur, M., Atteins, L.: Polymorphisms of the human Y chromosome; Fluorescence microscopic studies on the sites of morphologic variation. Clin. Genet. 3, 116 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tonomura, A., Ono, H.: Variation in length of the Y chromosome in man. Jap. Nat. Inst. Gen. Report 14, 131 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Torre, C. de la, Gimenez-Martin, G.: The hyman Y chromosome in the Spanish population. J. Génét. hum. 18, 235–264 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Unnerus, V., Fellman, J., Chapelle, A. de la: The length of the human Y chromosome. Cytogenetics 6, 213–227 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaharu, T., Patton, R. G., Voorhess, M. L., Gardner, L. I.: Gonadal dysgenesis and enlarged phallus in a girl with 45 chromosomes plus fragment. Lancet 1961 I, 218

  • Van Wijck, J. A. M., Tijdink, G. A. J., Stette, L. A. M.: Anomalies in the Y chromosome. Lancet 1962 I, 218

  • Wahlström, J.: Are variations in length of Y chromosome due to structural changes. Hereditas (Lund) 69, 125–128 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walzer, S., Breau, G., Gerald, P. S.: A chromosome survey of 2,400 normal newborn infants. J. Pediat. 74, 438–448 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wennstörm, J., Chapelle, A. de la: Elongation as the possible mechanism of the origin of large human Y chromosomes. Hereditas (Lund) 50, 345–350 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zankl, H., Zang, K. D.: Structural variability of the normal human karyotype. Humangenetik 13, 160–162 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeuthen, E., Nielsen, J.: Length of the Y chromosome in a general male population. Acta Genet. med. (Roma) 22, 45–49 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    P. K. Ghosh & I. P. Singh

Authors
  1. P. K. Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. P. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This work was aided by CSIR Grant No. 7/45(458)/71-GAU.I.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ghosh, P.K., Singh, I.P. Morphological variability of the human chromosomes in two Indian populations — Rajputs and Punjabis. Hum Genet 29, 67–78 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00273352

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00273352

Keywords

Search

Navigation