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The effects of veratramine on atrio-ventricular nodal rhythm and on auricular flutter in the dog heart-lung preparation

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Zusammenfassung

In zwölf Herz-Lungenpräparaten (HLP) des Hundes wurde durch Zerstörung des S-A-Knotens A-V-Rhythmus erzeugt. Der Mittelwert der Herzfrequenzsabnahme betrug 100 Schläge pro Minute. Ephedrin bis zur Gesamtdosis von 3 mg führte zu einem Mittelwert der Maximalfrequenz von 187/min, entsprechend einer mittleren maximalen Frequenzzunahme von 140/min. Die log-Dosis-Wirkungskurve für Ephedrin bei S-A- und A-V-Rhythmus verliefen ähnlich. Die 50% der Maximalwirkung hervorrufende Dosis betrug in beiden Fällen ungefähr 0,2 mg.

Veratramin hatte eine starke negativ chronotrope Wirkung am Herzen unter A-V-Rhythmus. In kleinen Dosen (0,3 mg) verursachte es periodische Tätigkeit des Schrittmachers, ein Phänomen, das am HLP unter S-A-Rhythmus nicht beobachtet wurde. Die negativ chronotrope Wirkung des Veratramins am mit Ephedrin beschleunigten Herzen war gering. Die ED40betrug 40 mg. Im Gegensatz zum Herzen unter S-A-Rhythmus besteht demnach unter A-V-Rhythmus ein großer Unterschied in der frequenzherabsetzenden Wirkung am normalen und am durch Ephedrin beschleunigten Herzen. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, daß diese beiden Eigenschaften des Veratramins voneinander verschieden sind.

Experimentell verursachtes Vorhofflattern am HLP konnte durch große Dosen Veratramin (7–30 mg pro HLP) aufgehoben und S-A-Rhythmus hergestellt werden. Die notwendigen Dosen lagen im selben Bereich wie diejenigen, welche zur Herabsetzung der durch Ephedrin erhöhten Frequenz bei A-V-Rhythmus notwendig sind. Im Gegensatz dazu sprach der S-A-Knoten sowohl in normalem Zustande als unter Ephedrin auf kleine Dosen an. Möglicherweise sind die Wirkungen der großen Dosen Veratramin auf eine nicht selektive Herabsetzung der Gewebsatmung zurückzuführen.

Summary

A-V nodal rhythm was established in the dog HLP by crushing the S-A node. The resulting mean decrease in heart rate was 100 beats/min. Ephedrine, in doses up to 3 mg increased the A-V nodal rate to the mean maximal rate of 187 beats/min. This represents a mean maximal acceleration of 140 beats/min. The log dose-response curves for ephedrine acceleration during S-A rhythm and A-V rhythm are similar. The ED50 in both cases is about 0.2 mg.

Veratramine exerted a marked negative chronotropic effect during A-V nodal rhythm. In a low dose (0.3 mg) it evoked periodic activity of the pacemaker, a phenomenon not noted during S-A rhythm in the dog HLP. The antiaccelerator effect of veratramine during A-V nodal acceleration due to ephedrine was not striking; the approximate ED40 was 40 mg. During A-V nodal rhythm (unlike S-A rhythm) a great difference is noted between the dose range required for the negative chronotropic action and that required for the antiaccelerator effect of veratramine. This suggests that the two properties of the drug may be distinct and unrelated.

During experimentally produced auricular flutter veratramine slowed the flutter rate and caused a reversion to S-A rhythm. This occurred in the same range of large doses as that required for the antiaccelerator effect during A-V nodal rhythm.

The high concentrations of veratramine required for antiaccelerator action at the A-V node and for antiarrhythmic effect contrast strongly with the high sensitivity of the S-A node. A non-selective inhibition of tissue respiration by high concentrations may account for the difference.

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Dedicated to Prof. A. Jarisch on his 70th birthday.

With 6 Figures in the Text

Studies on Veratrum Alkaloids XXXII.

This work was supported by funds from the U.S. Public Health Service (H-2205) and from the Eugene Higgins Trust.

Some of the results of this investigation were reported at the Federation Meetings, Chicago, 1957 (Benforado et al. 1957).

Rockefeller Travelling Fellow. Present Address: Pharmakolog. Institut der Universität, Gießen, Germany.

Rockefeller Travelling Fellow. Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of León, Mexico.

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Benforado, J.M., Dörner, J. & Fuentes, J. The effects of veratramine on atrio-ventricular nodal rhythm and on auricular flutter in the dog heart-lung preparation. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch 240, 382–393 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00244932

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