Abstract
Interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmannii complex) and black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) cotyledonary somatic embryos were encapsulated in sodium alginate. Somatic embryo viability was retained, but germination occurred at a reduced frequency compared with the equivalent zygotic embryos. The addition of 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal to the alginate capsule significantly enhanced root development and germination for somatic embryos but not for zygotic embryos. The possibility of developing an artiflcal endosperm was also investigated, by addition of Litvay (Litvay et al. 1981) nutrients with or without 90 mM sucrose to the alginate-charcoal capsule. This treatment significantly enhanced root development for all embryo categories with the exception of black spruce somatic embryos. Encapsulated and non-encapsulated somatic embryos survived one month cold storage at 4 °C without reduction in germination frequency.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bapat VA, Rao PS (1988) Plant Cell Rep. 7: 434–436.
Bapat VA, Rao PS (1992) J. Plant Biochem and Biotechnol. 1: 109–113.
Datta SK, Potrykus I (1989) Theor. Appl. Genet. 77: 820–824.
Dunstan DI, Bekkaoui F, Pilon M, Fowke LC, Abrams SR (1988) Plant Sci. 58: 77–84.
Dunstan DI, Bethune TD, Abrams SR (1991) Plant Sci. 76: 219–228.
Durzan DJ, Gupta PK (1988) In: Mizrahi A (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture. vol. 9. Alan R. Liss Inc., New York, pp 53–81.
Gifford DJ, Tolley MC (1989) Physiol. Plant. 77: 254–261.
Gupta PK, Durzan DJ (1987) Bio/tech. 5: 147–151.
Joy IV RW, Yeung EC, Kong L, Thorpe TA (1991) In Vitro Cell Develop. Biol. 27P: 32–41.
Krizek, DT (1982) Physiol. Plant. 56: 231–235.
Litvay JD, Johnson MA, Verma D, Einspahr D, Weyrauch K (1981) Institute of Paper Chemistry Technical Paper Series, No. 115. Appleton, Wisconsin. 17 pp.
Mohammed GH, Dunstan DI, Thorpe TA (1986) N.Z.J.For.Sci. 16: 297–305.
Owens JN, Molder M (1984) The reproductive cycle of interior spruce. Information Services, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. 30 pp.
Rao PVL, Singh B (1991) Plant Cell Rep. 10: 7–11.
Redenbaugh K, Nichol J, Kossler ME, Paasch B (1984) In Vitro Cell Develop. Biol. 20: 256–257.
Redenbaugh K, Slade D, Viss P, Fujii JA (1987a) HortSci. 22: 803–809.
Redenbaugh K, Paasch BD, Nichol JW, Kossler ME, Viss PR, Walker KA (1986) Bio/tech. 4: 797–801.
Redenbaugh K, Viss P, Slade D, Fujii JA (1987b) In: Green CE, Somers DA, Hackett WP, Biesboer DD (eds) Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. vol. 3. Alan R. Liss, New York. pp. 473–493.
Roberts DR, Flinn BS, Webb DT, Webster FB, Sutton BCS (1989) Plant Cell Rep. 8: 285–288.
Slade D, Fujii JA, Redenbaugh K (1989) J. Tissue Cult. Meth. 12: 179–183.
Tautorus TE, Attree SM, Fowke LC, Dunstan DI (1990) Plant Sci. 67: 115–124.
Tautorus TE, Lulsdorf MM, Kikcio SI, Dunstan DI (1992) Appl. Microb. Biotech. 38: 46–51.
von Arnold S, Eriksson T (1981) Can. J. Bot. 59: 870–874.
von Arnold S, Hakman I (1988) J. Plant Physiol. 132: 164–169.
Zhong H, Wang F-X (1989) Chin. J. Bot. 1: 35–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by F. Constabel
NRCC No. 35895
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lulsdorf, M.M., Tautorus, T.E., Kikcio, S.I. et al. Germination of encapsulated embryos of interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmannii complex) and black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.). Plant Cell Reports 12, 385–389 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234697
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234697