Abstract
Conventional morphological and pigementation traits, as well as disease resistance, have been used to distinguish the uniqueness of new soybean cultivars for purposes of plant variety protection. With increasing numbers of cultivars and a finite number of conventional characters, it has become apparent that such traits will not suffice to establish uniqueness. The objective of this work was to provide an initial evaluation of microsatellite or simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) DNA markers to develop unique DNA profiles of soybean genotypes. Microsatellites are DNA sequences such as (AT) n /(TA) n and (ATT) n /(TAA) n that are composed of tandemly repeated 2–5-basepair DNA core sequences. The DNA sequences flanking microsatellites are generally conserved allowing the selection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that will amplify the intervening SSR. Variation in the number of tandem repeats, “n”, results in PCR product length differences. The SSR alleles present at three (AT) n /(TA) n and four (ATT) n /(TAA) n loci were determined in each of 96 diverse soybean genotypes. Between 11 and 26 alleles were found at each of the seven loci. Only two genotypes had identical SSR allelic profiles and these had very similar pedigrees. The gene diversity for the seven markers averaged 0.87 for all 96 genotypes and 0.74 for a subset of 26 North American cultivars. These are much higher than soybean gene diversity values obtained using RFLP markers, and are similar to the average values obtained for human microsatellite markers. SSR markers provide an excellent complement to the conventional markers that are currently used to characterize soybean genotypes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akkaya MS, Bhagwat AA, Cregan PB (1992) Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat DNA in soybean. Genetics 132:1131–1139
Anderson JA, Churchill GA, Autrique JE, Tanksley SD, Sorrells ME (1993) Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps. Genome 36:181–186
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32:314–331
Carter TE, Gizlice Z, Burton JW (1993) Coefficient-of-parentage and genetic-similarity estimates for 258 North American soybean cultivars released by public agencies during 1945–1988. USDA, Tech Bull No 1814
Cregan PB, Akkaya MS, Bhagwat AA, Lavi U, Jiang Rongwen (1994) Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA as molecular markers in plants. In: Gresshoff PM (ed) Plant genome analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 43–49
Edwards A, Civitello A, Hammond HA, Caskey CT (1991) DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. Am J Hum Genet 49:746–756
Keim P, Shoemaker RC, Palmer RG (1989) Restriction fragment length polymorphism diversity in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 77:786–792
Keim P, Beavis W, Schupp J, Freestone R (1992) Evaluation of soybean RFLP marker diversity in adapted germ plasm. Theor Appl Genet 85:205–212
NIH/CEPH Collaborative Mapping Group (1992) A comprehensive genetic linkage map of the human genome. Science 258:67–86
Rostas K, Kondorosi E, Horvath B, Simoncsits A, Kondorosi A (1986) Conservation of extended promoter regions of nodulation genes in Rhizobium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1757–1761
Saghai-Maroof MA, Soliman KM, Jorgensen RA, Allard RW (1984) Ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:8014–8019
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Soller M, Beckmann JS (1983) Genetic polymorphism in varietal identification and genetic improvement. Theor Appl Genet 67:25–33
Tautz D (1989) Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source of polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res 17:6463–6471
Weber JK, May PE (1989) Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Hum Genet 44:388–397
Weir BS (1990) Genetic data analysis methods for discrete genetic data. Sinauer Assoc Inc Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA
Weissenbach J, Gyapay G, Dib C, Vignal A, Morissette J, Millasseau P, Vaysseix G, Lathrop M (1992) A second-generation linkage map of the human genome. Nature 359:794–801
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by A. L. Kahler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rongwen, J., Akkaya, M.S., Bhagwat, A.A. et al. The use of microsatellite DNA markers for soybean genotype identification. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 90, 43–48 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00220994
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00220994