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Das axilläre Rezidiv nach Lymphadenektomie beim malignen Melanom

Axillary recurrence following lymph-node dissection in malignant melanoma

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Abstract

In a retrospective study 143 patients with 155 axillary lymphadenectomies were observed with a maximum of 8 years of follow-up (mean 51.9 ± 25.8 months). At the time of their lymphadenectomies, 39 patients had histologically negative nodes (stage I), 85 patients lymphnode metastases (stage II), 19 patients axillary node involvement and distant metastases (stage III). The estimated 5-year survival rates were 77.5% in stage I and 28.6% in stage II. Axillary recurrence after dissection of tumor-free lymph nodes rarely happened, but in stage II the probability of recurrence was as high as 30.7%. All axillary recurrences occurred in the first 20 months after lymphadenectomy. In a multivariate analysis (Cox model), the only prognostic factor of probability of recurrence in stage II was the development of regional in-transit cutaneous metastases (p = 0.048). Factors that did not affect the appearance of recurrent metastases in the node dissection field were: epidermal ulceration, vascular invasion, tumor thickness, degree of lymph-node involvement, age, sex, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Median survival after axillary recurrence following therapeutic lymph-node excision (5 months) was comparable with survival after lymphadenectomy in stage III (7 months). There was a high incidence (> 30%) of regional in-transit cutaneous metastases in both groups. Regardless of the poor prognosis, we found 15% axillary recurrences after lymph-node clearance in stage III.

Zusammenfassung

In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 143 Melanompatienten mit 155 axillären Lymphadenektomien bis zu 8 Jahre beobachtet (mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit 51,9 ± 25,8 Monate). 39 Patienten hatten tumorfreie axilläre Lymphknoten (Stadium I nach Sylven), 85 Patienten metastatisch befallene Lymphknoten (Stadium II nach Sylven), 19 Patienten außer axillären Metastasen noch Fernmetastasen (Stadium III nach Sylven). Die 5-Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeiten nach der Kaplan-Meier-Schätzung betrugen 77,5% für das Stadium I und 28,6% für das Stadium II nach Sylven. Während das axilläre Rezidiv nach Lymphadenektomie im Stadium I ein seltenes Ereignis darstellte, erreichte die Rezidivrate im Stadium II 30,7%. Alle Rezidive entwikkelten sich innerhalb von 20 Monaten. Bei multivariater Betrachtung (Cox-Modell) war die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Rezidivs im Lymphadenektomiegebiet im Stadium II signifikant (p = 0,048) vom Auftreten lokoregionärer Hautmetastasen abhängig; keinen Einfluß hatten die Ulzeration, die Vaskularisation und die Dicke des Primärtumors, außerdem das Ausmaß des Lymphknotenbefalls, das Alter, das Geschlecht und die adjuvante Chemotherapie. Die mediane Lebenserwartung nach der Manifestation des Rezidivs in der im Stadium II voroperierten Axilla (5 Monate) entsprach der cities Stadiums III mit Lymphknotenmetastasen (7 Monate). Sowohl bei Patienten mit einer palliativen Lymphadenektomie (Stadium III) als auch bei Patienten mit einem axillären Rezidiv nach einer therapeutischen Lymphadenektomie (Stadium II) war die Inzidenz von Satellitenund Intransitmetastasen im gesamten Verlauf der Erkrankung mit jeweils > 30% überdurchschnittlich hock. Trotz der schlechten Lebenserwartung traten nach der Lymphknotenausräumung im Stadium III noch 15% an axillären Rezidiven auf.

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Korrespondenz an: Dr. L. Kretschmer

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Kretschmer, L., Lautenschläger, C., Preusser, K.P. et al. Das axilläre Rezidiv nach Lymphadenektomie beim malignen Melanom. Langenbecks Arch Chir 378, 4–11 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207987

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