Summary
The effect of the presence of a free surface on the behaviour of shear-modified internal waves is investigated. In all cases, the qualitative behaviour with varying Richardson number is similar to that in the case of a rigid upper boundary. The quantitative differences are shown to be small and therefore the free surface can be replaced by a rigid-lid boundary condition with negligible error.
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References
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Rockliff, N. The effect of a free surface on the normal modes of a stratified shear flow. J Eng Math 18, 287–298 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00042843
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00042843