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Physiological Functions, Biophysical Properties, and Regulation of KCNQ1 (KV7.1) Potassium Channels

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Ion Channels in Biophysics and Physiology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1349))

Abstract

KCNQ1 (KV7.1) K+ channels are expressed in multiple tissues, including the heart, pancreas, colon, and inner ear. The gene encoding the KCNQ1 protein was discovered by a positional cloning effort to determine the genetic basis of long QT syndrome, an inherited ventricular arrhythmia that can cause sudden death. Mutations in KCNQ1 can also cause other types of arrhythmia (i.e., short QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation) and the gene may also have a role in diabetes and certain cancers. KCNQ1 α-subunits can partner with accessory β-subunits (KCNE1–KCNE5) to form K+-selective channels that have divergent biophysical properties. In the heart, KCNQ1 α-subunits coassemble with KCNE1 β-subunits to form channels that conduct IKs, a very slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current. KV7.1 channels are highly regulated by PIP2, calmodulin, and phosphorylation, and rich pharmacology includes blockers and gating modulators. Recent biophysical studies and a cryo-EM structure of the KCNQ1-calmodulin complex have provided new insights into KV7.1 channel function, and how interactions between KCNQ1 and KCNE subunits alter the gating properties of heteromultimeric channels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Michael C. Sanguinetti

  2. Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Guiscard Seebohm

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Correspondence to Michael C. Sanguinetti .

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  1. Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology / Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

    Lei Zhou

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Sanguinetti, M.C., Seebohm, G. (2021). Physiological Functions, Biophysical Properties, and Regulation of KCNQ1 (KV7.1) Potassium Channels. In: Zhou, L. (eds) Ion Channels in Biophysics and Physiology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1349. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_15

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